πέραν
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- πέρην (pérēn) – Ionic, Epic
Etymology
Compare πέρᾱ (pérā, “beyond”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pé.raːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpe.ran/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpe.ran/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpe.ran/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpe.ran/
Adverb
πέρᾱν • (pérān)
- (with genitive, often with the associated idea of a body of water)
- on the other side, across
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.626
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.752
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 215
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 814
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 5.21
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.9
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1200
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 334
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.67
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.3.3
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 386
- (absolute) on the other side
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.97
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.4.20
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.22
- (with verbs of motion, followed by εἰς (eis)) over or across to
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.36
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.2.2
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.111
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.44
- (with the article)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.5.2
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.3.17
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.3.11
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.3.24
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.97.5
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 23
- 86 CE – 160 CE, Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 5.10.2
- over against, opposite
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.535
- 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausianas Periegeta, Description of Greece 2.22.2
- 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausianas Periegeta, Description of Greece 5.15.8
- (less often) beyond
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 6.23
- 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1053
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 585
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 676
- right through
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Mochlicon 37
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 11
- 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausianas Periegeta, Description of Greece 5.15.8
- on the other side, across
Descendants
- Greek: πέραν (péran)
References
- “πέραν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πέραν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πέραν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “πέραν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4008 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- across idem, page 9.
- beyond idem, page 77.
- opposite idem, page 576.
- side idem, page 772.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πέραν (péran).
Adverb
πέραν • (péran)
- beyond
- (obsolete): Alternative form of πέρα (péra)
Usage notes
- Almost always followed by genitive (γενική (genikí))