οὐ

See also: ου, -ου, -ού, οὔ, οὖ, οὗ, Ȣ, ᴕ, Appendix:Variations of "ou", and Appendix:Variations of "oy"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

οὐκ (ouk) – before vowel with smooth breathing
οὐχ (oukh) – before vowel with rough breathing
οὔ (oú) – pausal form
οὐχί (oukhí) – Epic, Attic
οὐκί (oukí) – Epic, Ionic

Etymology

Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”), from Proto-Hellenic *oyuki, from Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷid (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).[1] Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud), Gothic 𐌿𐌳 (ud), Old Armenian ոչ (očʿ) and Albanian as.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /uː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /u/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /u/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /u/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /u/

Particle

οὐ • (ou) (negative particle)

not (indicates negation)

Usage notes

οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), where μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will, thought). It usually immediately precedes the word (most often a verb) which it negates. Negative concord (also known as double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek.

Descendants

Byzantine Greek: ὄχι (ókhi) ὤχι (ṓkhi)
- Greek: όχι (óchi)

References

Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “očʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 531

“οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“οὐ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
οὐ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
οὐ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“οὐ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3756 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- nay idem, page 553.
- no idem, page 559.
- not idem, page 562.
- tear idem, page 859.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “očʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 531

单词	οὐ
释义	οὐ See also: ου, -ου, -ού, οὔ, οὖ, οὗ, Ȣ, ᴕ, Appendix:Variations of "ou", and Appendix:Variations of "oy" Ancient Greek Alternative forms οὐκ (ouk) – before vowel with smooth breathing οὐχ (oukh) – before vowel with rough breathing οὔ (oú) – pausal form οὐχί (oukhí) – Epic, Attic οὐκί (oukí) – Epic, Ionic Etymology Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”), from Proto-Hellenic oyuki, from Proto-Indo-European (ne) h₂óyu kʷid (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).[1] Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud), Gothic 𐌿𐌳 (ud), Old Armenian ոչ (očʿ) and Albanian as. Pronunciation IPA^(key): /uː/ → /u/ → /u/ (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /uː/ (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /u/ (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /u/ (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /u/ (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /u/ Particle οὐ • (ou) (negative particle) not (indicates negation) Usage notes οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), where μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will, thought). It usually immediately precedes the word (most often a verb) which it negates. Negative concord (also known as double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek. Descendants Byzantine Greek: ὄχι (ókhi) ὤχι (ṓkhi) Greek: όχι (óchi) References Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “očʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 531 “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers “οὐ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers οὐ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press οὐ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963 “οὐ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter G3756 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. nay idem, page 553. no idem, page 559. not idem, page 562. tear idem, page 859. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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