ξύω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ksunyo-. Cognates include Latin novācula, saucius, Old English besnyþian, Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara, “melting away, perishable”), and Avestan 𐬖𐬲𐬁𐬭 (γžār, “flow fast”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ksy̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈksy.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈksy.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈksy.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈksi.o/
Verb
ξῡ́ω • (xū́ō)
- to scrape, plane, smooth, polish
- Homer, Odyssey 22.456
- to make smooth or fine, work finely or delicately
- Homer, Iliad I4.179
- to engrave
- Dionysius Thrax, Art of Grammar
Inflection
Present: ξῡ́ω, ξῡ́ομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ξῡ́ω | ξῡ́εις | ξῡ́ει | ξῡ́ετον | ξῡ́ετον | ξῡ́ομεν | ξῡ́ετε | ξῡ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ξῡ́ω | ξῡ́ῃς | ξῡ́ῃ | ξῡ́ητον | ξῡ́ητον | ξῡ́ωμεν | ξῡ́ητε | ξῡ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ξῡ́οιμῐ | ξῡ́οις | ξῡ́οι | ξῡ́οιτον | ξῡοίτην | ξῡ́οιμεν | ξῡ́οιτε | ξῡ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | ξῦε | ξῡέτω | ξῡ́ετον | ξῡέτων | ξῡ́ετε | ξῡόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ξῡ́ομαι | ξῡ́ῃ, ξῡ́ει | ξῡ́εται | ξῡ́εσθον | ξῡ́εσθον | ξῡόμεθᾰ | ξῡ́εσθε | ξῡ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ξῡ́ωμαι | ξῡ́ῃ | ξῡ́ηται | ξῡ́ησθον | ξῡ́ησθον | ξῡώμεθᾰ | ξῡ́ησθε | ξῡ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ξῡοίμην | ξῡ́οιο | ξῡ́οιτο | ξῡ́οισθον | ξῡοίσθην | ξῡοίμεθᾰ | ξῡ́οισθε | ξῡ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | ξῡ́ου | ξῡέσθω | ξῡ́εσθον | ξῡέσθων | ξῡ́εσθε | ξῡέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ξῡ́ειν | ξῡ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ξῡ́ων | ξῡόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ξῡ́ουσᾰ | ξῡομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ξῦον | ξῡόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔξῡον, ἐξῡόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔξῡον | ἔξῡες | ἔξῡε(ν) | ἐξῡ́ετον | ἐξῡέτην | ἐξῡ́ομεν | ἐξῡ́ετε | ἔξῡον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐξῡόμην | ἐξῡ́ου | ἐξῡ́ετο | ἐξῡ́εσθον | ἐξῡέσθην | ἐξῡόμεθᾰ | ἐξῡ́εσθε | ἐξῡ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔξῡσᾰ, ἐξῡσᾰ́μην, ἐξῡ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔξῡσᾰ | ἔξῡσᾰς | ἔξῡσε(ν) | ἐξῡ́σᾰτον | ἐξῡσᾰ́την | ἐξῡ́σᾰμεν | ἐξῡ́σᾰτε | ἔξῡσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ξῡ́σω | ξῡ́σῃς | ξῡ́σῃ | ξῡ́σητον | ξῡ́σητον | ξῡ́σωμεν | ξῡ́σητε | ξῡ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ξῡ́σαιμῐ | ξῡ́σειᾰς, ξῡ́σαις | ξῡ́σειε(ν), ξῡ́σαι | ξῡ́σαιτον | ξῡσαίτην | ξῡ́σαιμεν | ξῡ́σαιτε | ξῡ́σειᾰν, ξῡ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ξῦσον | ξῡσᾰ́τω | ξῡ́σᾰτον | ξῡσᾰ́των | ξῡ́σᾰτε | ξῡσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐξῡσᾰ́μην | ἐξῡ́σω | ἐξῡ́σᾰτο | ἐξῡ́σᾰσθον | ἐξῡσᾰ́σθην | ἐξῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐξῡ́σᾰσθε | ἐξῡ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ξῡ́σωμαι | ξῡ́σῃ | ξῡ́σηται | ξῡ́σησθον | ξῡ́σησθον | ξῡσώμεθᾰ | ξῡ́σησθε | ξῡ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ξῡσαίμην | ξῡ́σαιο | ξῡ́σαιτο | ξῡ́σαισθον | ξῡσαίσθην | ξῡσαίμεθᾰ | ξῡ́σαισθε | ξῡ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ξῦσαι | ξῡσᾰ́σθω | ξῡ́σᾰσθον | ξῡσᾰ́σθων | ξῡ́σᾰσθε | ξῡσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐξῡ́σθην | ἐξῡ́σθης | ἐξῡ́σθη | ἐξῡ́σθητον | ἐξῡσθήτην | ἐξῡ́σθημεν | ἐξῡ́σθητε | ἐξῡ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ξῡσθῶ | ξῡσθῇς | ξῡσθῇ | ξῡσθῆτον | ξῡσθῆτον | ξῡσθῶμεν | ξῡσθῆτε | ξῡσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ξῡσθείην | ξῡσθείης | ξῡσθείη | ξῡσθεῖτον, ξῡσθείητον | ξῡσθείτην, ξῡσθειήτην | ξῡσθεῖμεν, ξῡσθείημεν | ξῡσθεῖτε, ξῡσθείητε | ξῡσθεῖεν, ξῡσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ξῡ́σθητῐ | ξῡσθήτω | ξῡ́σθητον | ξῡσθήτων | ξῡ́σθητε | ξῡσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ξῦσαι | ξῡ́σᾰσθαι | ξῡσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ξῡ́σᾱς | ξῡσᾰ́μενος | ξῡσθείς | |||||||||
| f | ξῡ́σᾱσᾰ | ξῡσᾰμένη | ξῡσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ξῦσᾰν | ξῡσᾰ́μενον | ξῡσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
References
- ξύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ξύω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ξύω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ξύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ξύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ξύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- LSJ 8th edition