νεφρός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Proto-Germanic *neurô.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ne.pʰrós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /neˈpʰros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /neˈɸros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /neˈfros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /neˈfros/
Noun
νεφρός • (nephrós) m (genitive νεφροῦ); second declension
- (anatomy, usually in the plural) kidney
- (euphemistic) testicle
- mind
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ νεφρός; τοῦ νεφροῦ (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ νεφρός ho nephrós | τὼ νεφρώ tṑ nephrṓ | οἱ νεφροί hoi nephroí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ νεφροῦ toû nephroû | τοῖν νεφροῖν toîn nephroîn | τῶν νεφρῶν tôn nephrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ νεφρῷ tôi nephrôi | τοῖν νεφροῖν toîn nephroîn | τοῖς νεφροῖς toîs nephroîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν νεφρόν tòn nephrón | τὼ νεφρώ tṑ nephrṓ | τοὺς νεφρούς toùs nephroús | ||||||||||
Vocative | νεφρέ nephré | νεφρώ nephrṓ | νεφροί nephroí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- νεφρῖτις (nephrîtis)
Descendants
- → English: nephros, nephro-
- Greek: νεφρό (nefró) (neuter)
Further reading
- “νεφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νεφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- νεφρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G3510 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- νεφρός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Noun
νεφρός • (nefrós) m (plural νεφροί)
- (formal) form of νεφρό (nefró) (neuter), kidney
Declension
declension of νεφρός
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | νεφρός • | νεφροί • |
genitive | νεφρού • | νεφρών • |
accusative | νεφρό • | νεφρούς • |
vocative | νεφρέ • | νεφροί • |