μόλυβδος

μόλυβδος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• βόλιβος (bólibos), μόλιβος (mólibos)

Etymology

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀗𐀪𐀺𐀈 (mo-ri-wo-do), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠‎ (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root *mergʷ- (“dark”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mó.lyb.dos/ → /ˈmo.lyβ.ðos/ → /ˈmo.liv.ðos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mó.lyb.dos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.lyb.dos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.lyβ.ðos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.lyv.ðos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.liv.ðos/

Noun

μόλυβδος • (mólubdos) m (genitive μολύβδου); second declension

1. lead (the metal)
2. graphite

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ μόλῠβδος; τοῦ μολῠ́βδου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ μόλῠβδος ho mólubdos	τὼ μολῠ́βδω tṑ molúbdō	οἱ μόλῠβδοι hoi mólubdoi
Genitive	τοῦ μολῠ́βδου toû molúbdou	τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν toîn molúbdoin	τῶν μολῠ́βδων tôn molúbdōn
Dative	τῷ μολῠ́βδῳ tôi molúbdōi	τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν toîn molúbdoin	τοῖς μολῠ́βδοις toîs molúbdois
Accusative	τὸν μόλῠβδον tòn mólubdon	τὼ μολῠ́βδω tṑ molúbdō	τοὺς μολῠ́βδους toùs molúbdous
Vocative	μόλῠβδε mólubde	μολῠ́βδω molúbdō	μόλῠβδοι mólubdoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• μολῠ́βδαινᾰ (molúbdaina)
• μολῠβδᾰ́νθρωπος (molubdánthrōpos)
• μολῠ́βδεος (molúbdeos)
• μολῠβδῐᾰ́ω (molubdiáō)
• μολῠβδῐ́ζω (molubdízō)
• μολῠβδῐκός (molubdikós)
• μολῠ́βδῐνος (molúbdinos)
• μολῠ́βδῐον (molúbdion)
• μολῠβδῐ́ς (molubdís)
• μολῠβδῖτῐς (molubdîtis)
• μολῠβδόδετος (molubdódetos)
• μολῠβδοειδής (molubdoeidḗs)
• μολῠβδοκόπος (molubdokópos)
• μολῠβδοτήξ (molubdotḗx)
• μολῠβδουργός (molubdourgós)
• μολῠβδοφᾰνής (molubdophanḗs)
• μολῠβδόχᾰλκος (molubdókhalkos)
• μολῠβδοχοέω (molubdokhoéō)
• μολῠβδόω (molubdóō)
• μολῠβδώδης (molubdṓdēs)
• μολῠ́βδωμᾰ (molúbdōma)
• μολῠ́βδωσῐς (molúbdōsis)
• χᾰλκομόλῠβδος (khalkomólubdos)

 

See also

• Latin: plumbum

References

1. Ivo Hajnal, Graeco-Anatolian Contacts in the Mycenaean Period (Innsbruck: University of Innsbruck), 6.
2. H.C. Melchert, “Greek mólybdos as loanword from Lydian”, Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours. Proceedings of an International Conference on Cross-Cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, eds. B.J.Collins, M.R. Bachvarova & I.C. Rutherford (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008), 153-157.

Further reading

• “μόλυβδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “μόλυβδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• μόλυβδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • lead idem, page 481.

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Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos), of Anatolian origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ- (“dark”). See also μολύβι (molývi).

Noun

μόλυβδος • (mólyvdos) m (uncountable)

1. (chemistry, metallurgy) lead

Declension

  μόλυβδος

case     \\     number	singular
nominative	μόλυβδος •
genitive	μολύβδου •
accusative	μόλυβδο •
vocative	μόλυβδε •

Coordinate terms

• Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements
• μολύβι n (molývi, “pencil”)
• μολυβδαίνιο n (molyvdaínio, “molybdenum”)

Derived terms

• αμόλυβδος (amólyvdos, “unleaded”)

Further reading

• μόλυβδος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el