μηδέ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- μηδ’ (mēd’) – apocopic
Etymology
From μή (mḗ, “not”) + δέ (dé, “and, but”). Compare οὐδέ (oudé, “but not, and not”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mɛː.dé/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /me̝ˈde/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /miˈðe/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /miˈðe/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /miˈðe/
Conjunction
μηδέ • (mēdé)
- (connecting two clauses, used with the same constructions as μή (mḗ)) but not, and not, nor
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.550, (compare 4.302)
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 754, (compare The Eumenides 714, The Suppliants 409)
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 481
- (doubled, μηδέ...μηδέ, opposing the two clauses of a sentence)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.303
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 2.65
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 771
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 327C
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 255
Derived terms
- μηδέτερος (mēdéteros)
Adverb
μηδέ • (mēdé)
- (joined with a single word or phrase) not even
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.375
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.710
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.58
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 569
References
- “μηδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μηδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μηδέ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μηδέ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μηδέ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “μηδέ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3366 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- even idem, page 284.
- neither . . . nor idem, page 555.
- not idem, page 562.