μάχομαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- μαχέομαι (makhéomai) – Ionic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *maHgʰ- (“to fight”). Beekes considers the origin uncertain, possibly Pre-Greek. See also Old Armenian մաքառիմ (makʿaṙim).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /má.kʰo.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈma.kʰo.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈma.xo.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈma.xo.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈma.xo.me/
Verb
μάχομαι • (mákhomai)
- (with dative) I make war, fight, battle
- I quarrel, wrangle, dispute
- I contend, compete
Inflection
Present: μᾰ́χομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | μᾰ́χομαι | μᾰ́χῃ, μᾰ́χει | μᾰ́χεται | μᾰ́χεσθον | μᾰ́χεσθον | μᾰχόμεθᾰ | μᾰ́χεσθε | μᾰ́χονται | ||||
| subjunctive | μᾰ́χωμαι | μᾰ́χῃ | μᾰ́χηται | μᾰ́χησθον | μᾰ́χησθον | μᾰχώμεθᾰ | μᾰ́χησθε | μᾰ́χωνται | |||||
| optative | μᾰχοίμην | μᾰ́χοιο | μᾰ́χοιτο | μᾰ́χοισθον | μᾰχοίσθην | μᾰχοίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́χοισθε | μᾰ́χοιντο | |||||
| imperative | μᾰ́χου | μᾰχέσθω | μᾰ́χεσθον | μᾰχέσθων | μᾰ́χεσθε | μᾰχέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰ́χεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐμᾰχόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐμᾰχόμην | ἐμᾰ́χου | ἐμᾰ́χετο | ἐμᾰ́χεσθον | ἐμᾰχέσθην | ἐμᾰχόμεθᾰ | ἐμᾰ́χεσθε | ἐμᾰ́χοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: μᾰχεσκόμην (Epic, Ionic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | μᾰχεσκόμην | μᾰχέσκου | μᾰχέσκετο | μᾰχέσκεσθον | μᾰχεσκέσθην | μᾰχεσκόμεθᾰ | μᾰχέσκεσθε | μᾰχέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: μᾰχέσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | μᾰχέσομαι | μᾰχέσῃ, μᾰχέσει | μᾰχέσεται | μᾰχέσεσθον | μᾰχέσεσθον | μᾰχεσόμεθᾰ | μᾰχέσεσθε | μᾰχέσονται | ||||
| optative | μᾰχεσοίμην | μᾰχέσοιο | μᾰχέσοιτο | μᾰχέσοισθον | μᾰχεσοίσθην | μᾰχεσοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχέσοισθε | μᾰχέσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰχέσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχεσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχεσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχεσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: μᾰχήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | μᾰχήσομαι | μᾰχήσῃ, μᾰχήσει | μᾰχήσεται | μᾰχήσεσθον | μᾰχήσεσθον | μᾰχησόμεθᾰ | μᾰχήσεσθε | μᾰχήσονται | ||||
| optative | μᾰχησοίμην | μᾰχήσοιο | μᾰχήσοιτο | μᾰχήσοισθον | μᾰχησοίσθην | μᾰχησοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχήσοισθε | μᾰχήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰχήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: μᾰχέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | μᾰχέομαι | μᾰχέῃ, μᾰχέει | μᾰχέεται | μᾰχέεσθον | μᾰχέεσθον | μᾰχεόμεθᾰ | μᾰχέεσθε | μᾰχέονται | ||||
| optative | μᾰχεοίμην | μᾰχέοιο | μᾰχέοιτο | μᾰχέοισθον | μᾰχεοίσθην | μᾰχεοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχέοισθε | μᾰχέοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰχέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχεόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχεομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχεόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: μᾰχοῦμαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | μᾰχοῦμαι | μᾰχῇ | μᾰχεῖται | μᾰχεῖσθον | μᾰχεῖσθον | μᾰχούμεθᾰ | μᾰχεῖσθε | μᾰχοῦνται | ||||
| optative | μᾰχοίμην | μᾰχοῖο | μᾰχοῖτο | μᾰχοῖσθον | μᾰχοίσθην | μᾰχοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχοῖσθε | μᾰχοῖντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰχεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχούμενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχουμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχούμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐμᾰχεσᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐμᾰχεσᾰ́μην | ἐμᾰχέσω | ἐμᾰχέσᾰτο | ἐμᾰχέσᾰσθον | ἐμᾰχεσᾰ́σθην | ἐμᾰχεσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐμᾰχέσᾰσθε | ἐμᾰχέσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | μᾰχέσωμαι | μᾰχέσῃ | μᾰχέσηται | μᾰχέσησθον | μᾰχέσησθον | μᾰχεσώμεθᾰ | μᾰχέσησθε | μᾰχέσωνται | |||||
| optative | μᾰχεσαίμην | μᾰχέσαιο | μᾰχέσαιτο | μᾰχέσαισθον | μᾰχεσαίσθην | μᾰχεσαίμεθᾰ | μᾰχέσαισθε | μᾰχέσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | μᾰ́χεσαι | μᾰχεσᾰ́σθω | μᾰχέσᾰσθον | μᾰχεσᾰ́σθων | μᾰχέσᾰσθε | μᾰχεσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰχέσᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰχεσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰχεσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰχεσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: μεμᾰ́χημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | μεμᾰ́χημαι | μεμᾰ́χησαι | μεμᾰ́χηται | μεμᾰ́χησθον | μεμᾰ́χησθον | μεμᾰχήμεθᾰ | μεμᾰ́χησθε | μεμᾰ́χηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | μεμᾰχημένος ὦ | μεμᾰχημένος ᾖς | μεμᾰχημένος ᾖ | μεμᾰχημένω ἦτον | μεμᾰχημένω ἦτον | μεμᾰχημένοι ὦμεν | μεμᾰχημένοι ἦτε | μεμᾰχημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | μεμᾰχημένος εἴην | μεμᾰχημένος εἴης | μεμᾰχημένος εἴη | μεμᾰχημένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | μεμᾰχημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | μεμᾰχημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | μεμᾰχημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | μεμᾰχημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | μεμᾰ́χησο | μεμᾰχήσθω | μεμᾰ́χησθον | μεμᾰχήσθων | μεμᾰ́χησθε | μεμᾰχήσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μεμᾰχῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μεμᾰχημένος | |||||||||||
| f | μεμᾰχημένη | ||||||||||||
| n | μεμᾰχημένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀμφιμάχομαι (amphimákhomai)
- ἀναμάχομαι (anamákhomai)
- ἀντιμάχομαι (antimákhomai)
- ἀπομάχομαι (apomákhomai)
- διαμάχομαι (diamákhomai)
- ἐμμάχομαι (emmákhomai)
- ἐπιμάχομαι (epimákhomai)
- καταμάχομαι (katamákhomai)
- περιμάχομαι (perimákhomai)
- προμάχομαι (promákhomai)
- προσμάχομαι (prosmákhomai)
- συμμάχομαι (summákhomai)
- ὑπερμάχομαι (hupermákhomai)
Related terms
- μάχαιρα (mákhaira)
- μαχετέον (makhetéon)
- μάχη (mákhē)
- μαχήμων (makhḗmōn)
- μάχηνδε (mákhēnde)
- μαχητέον (makhētéon)
- μαχητής (makhētḗs)
- μαχητικός (makhētikós)
- μαχητός (makhētós)
References
- μάχομαι in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- μάχομαι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάχομαι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μάχομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- μάχομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G3164 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 916–917