μάρπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
A word without outer-Greek cognates. Note the glosses found in Hesychius βράψαι (brápsai, “to gather, spens; consume, hide, hunt”) and βράπτειν (bráptein, “to eat, hide, make disappear, remove”). With a different auslauting velar, we find βρακεῖν (brakeîn, “to understand, grasp”) and βράξαι (bráxai, “to drink, bite, gather”). The latter have been compared with Sanskrit मृशति (mṛśati, “to touch, handle”). However, the variation κ/π cannot be explained in Indo-European terms. Rather, the variants point to Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /márp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈmarp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmarp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmarp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈmarp.to/
Verb
μᾰ́ρπτω • (márptō)
- to take hold of, catch, grasp
- to lay hold of, seize, overtake
Inflection
Present: μᾰ́ρπτω, μᾰ́ρπτομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | μᾰ́ρπτω | μᾰ́ρπτεις | μᾰ́ρπτει | μᾰ́ρπτετον | μᾰ́ρπτετον | μᾰ́ρπτομεν | μᾰ́ρπτετε | μᾰ́ρπτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰ́ρπτω | μᾰ́ρπτῃς | μᾰ́ρπτῃ | μᾰ́ρπτητον | μᾰ́ρπτητον | μᾰ́ρπτωμεν | μᾰ́ρπτητε | μᾰ́ρπτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | μᾰ́ρπτοιμῐ | μᾰ́ρπτοις | μᾰ́ρπτοι | μᾰ́ρπτοιτον | μᾰρπτοίτην | μᾰ́ρπτοιμεν | μᾰ́ρπτοιτε | μᾰ́ρπτοιεν | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́ρπτε | μᾰρπτέτω | μᾰ́ρπτετον | μᾰρπτέτων | μᾰ́ρπτετε | μᾰρπτόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | μᾰ́ρπτομαι | μᾰ́ρπτῃ, μᾰ́ρπτει | μᾰ́ρπτεται | μᾰ́ρπτεσθον | μᾰ́ρπτεσθον | μᾰρπτόμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρπτεσθε | μᾰ́ρπτονται | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰ́ρπτωμαι | μᾰ́ρπτῃ | μᾰ́ρπτηται | μᾰ́ρπτησθον | μᾰ́ρπτησθον | μᾰρπτώμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρπτησθε | μᾰ́ρπτωνται | |||||
optative | μᾰρπτοίμην | μᾰ́ρπτοιο | μᾰ́ρπτοιτο | μᾰ́ρπτοισθον | μᾰρπτοίσθην | μᾰρπτοίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρπτοισθε | μᾰ́ρπτοιντο | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́ρπτου | μᾰρπτέσθω | μᾰ́ρπτεσθον | μᾰρπτέσθων | μᾰ́ρπτεσθε | μᾰρπτέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | μᾰ́ρπτειν | μᾰ́ρπτεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | μᾰ́ρπτων | μᾰρπτόμενος | ||||||||||
f | μᾰ́ρπτουσᾰ | μᾰρπτομένη | |||||||||||
n | μᾰ́ρπτον | μᾰρπτόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔμᾰρπτον, ἐμᾰρπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔμᾰρπτον | ἔμᾰρπτες | ἔμᾰρπτε(ν) | ἐμᾰ́ρπτετον | ἐμᾰρπτέτην | ἐμᾰ́ρπτομεν | ἐμᾰ́ρπτετε | ἔμᾰρπτον | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἐμᾰρπτόμην | ἐμᾰ́ρπτου | ἐμᾰ́ρπτετο | ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθον | ἐμᾰρπτέσθην | ἐμᾰρπτόμεθᾰ | ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθε | ἐμᾰ́ρπτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: μᾰ́ρψω, μᾰ́ρψομαι, μᾰρφήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | μᾰ́ρψω | μᾰ́ρψεις | μᾰ́ρψει | μᾰ́ρψετον | μᾰ́ρψετον | μᾰ́ρψομεν | μᾰ́ρψετε | μᾰ́ρψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | μᾰ́ρψοιμῐ | μᾰ́ρψοις | μᾰ́ρψοι | μᾰ́ρψοιτον | μᾰρψοίτην | μᾰ́ρψοιμεν | μᾰ́ρψοιτε | μᾰ́ρψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | μᾰ́ρψομαι | μᾰ́ρψῃ, μᾰ́ρψει | μᾰ́ρψεται | μᾰ́ρψεσθον | μᾰ́ρψεσθον | μᾰρψόμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρψεσθε | μᾰ́ρψονται | ||||
optative | μᾰρψοίμην | μᾰ́ρψοιο | μᾰ́ρψοιτο | μᾰ́ρψοισθον | μᾰρψοίσθην | μᾰρψοίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρψοισθε | μᾰ́ρψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | μᾰρφήσομαι | μᾰρφήσῃ | μᾰρφήσεται | μᾰρφήσεσθον | μᾰρφήσεσθον | μᾰρφησόμεθᾰ | μᾰρφήσεσθε | μᾰρφήσονται | ||||
optative | μᾰρφησοίμην | μᾰρφήσοιο | μᾰρφήσοιτο | μᾰρφήσοισθον | μᾰρφησοίσθην | μᾰρφησοίμεθᾰ | μᾰρφήσοισθε | μᾰρφήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | μᾰ́ρψειν | μᾰ́ρψεσθαι | μᾰρφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | μᾰ́ρψων | μᾰρψόμενος | μᾰρφησόμενος | |||||||||
f | μᾰ́ρψουσᾰ | μᾰρψομένη | μᾰρφησομένη | ||||||||||
n | μᾰ́ρψον | μᾰρψόμενον | μᾰρφησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔμᾰρψᾰ, ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην, ἐμᾰ́ρφθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔμᾰρψᾰ | ἔμᾰρψᾰς | ἔμᾰρψε(ν) | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτον | ἐμᾰρψᾰ́την | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰμεν | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτε | ἔμᾰρψᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰ́ρψω | μᾰ́ρψῃς | μᾰ́ρψῃ | μᾰ́ρψητον | μᾰ́ρψητον | μᾰ́ρψωμεν | μᾰ́ρψητε | μᾰ́ρψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | μᾰ́ρψαιμῐ | μᾰ́ρψειᾰς, μᾰ́ρψαις | μᾰ́ρψειε(ν), μᾰ́ρψαι | μᾰ́ρψαιτον | μᾰρψαίτην | μᾰ́ρψαιμεν | μᾰ́ρψαιτε | μᾰ́ρψειᾰν, μᾰ́ρψαιεν | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́ρψον | μᾰρψᾰ́τω | μᾰ́ρψᾰτον | μᾰρψᾰ́των | μᾰ́ρψᾰτε | μᾰρψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην | ἐμᾰ́ρψω | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτο | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθον | ἐμᾰρψᾰ́σθην | ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθε | ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰ́ρψωμαι | μᾰ́ρψῃ | μᾰ́ρψηται | μᾰ́ρψησθον | μᾰ́ρψησθον | μᾰρψώμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρψησθε | μᾰ́ρψωνται | |||||
optative | μᾰρψαίμην | μᾰ́ρψαιο | μᾰ́ρψαιτο | μᾰ́ρψαισθον | μᾰρψαίσθην | μᾰρψαίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ρψαισθε | μᾰ́ρψαιντο | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́ρψαι | μᾰρψᾰ́σθω | μᾰ́ρψᾰσθον | μᾰρψᾰ́σθων | μᾰ́ρψᾰσθε | μᾰρψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐμᾰ́ρφθην | ἐμᾰ́ρφθης | ἐμᾰ́ρφθη | ἐμᾰ́ρφθητον | ἐμᾰρφθήτην | ἐμᾰ́ρφθημεν | ἐμᾰ́ρφθητε | ἐμᾰ́ρφθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰρφθῶ | μᾰρφθῇς | μᾰρφθῇ | μᾰρφθῆτον | μᾰρφθῆτον | μᾰρφθῶμεν | μᾰρφθῆτε | μᾰρφθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | μᾰρφθείην | μᾰρφθείης | μᾰρφθείη | μᾰρφθεῖτον, μᾰρφθείητον | μᾰρφθείτην, μᾰρφθειήτην | μᾰρφθεῖμεν, μᾰρφθείημεν | μᾰρφθεῖτε, μᾰρφθείητε | μᾰρφθεῖεν, μᾰρφθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́ρφθητῐ | μᾰρφθήτω | μᾰ́ρφθητον | μᾰρφθήτων | μᾰ́ρφθητε | μᾰρφθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | μᾰ́ρψαι | μᾰ́ρψᾰσθαι | μᾰρφθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | μᾰ́ρψᾱς | μᾰρψᾰ́μενος | μᾰρφθείς | |||||||||
f | μᾰ́ρψᾱσᾰ | μᾰρψᾰμένη | μᾰρφθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | μᾰ́ρψᾰν | μᾰρψᾰ́μενον | μᾰρφθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- κᾰτᾰμᾰ́ρπτω (katamárptō)
- μᾰ́ρπτῐς (márptis)
- σῠμμᾰ́ρπτω (summárptō)
Further reading
- μάρπτω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- μάρπτω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάρπτω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μάρπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μάρπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN