μάνδρα
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Some have proposed a Proto-Indo-European *mand- (“enclosure”), cognate with Sanskrit मन्दुरा (mandurā, “stable; bed”) and possibly related to μανδάκης (mandákēs, “band to tie trusses”), μάνδαλος (mándalos, “bolt”), and Proto-West Germanic *mandu (“basket”), with a possible Pre-Greek acquisition of one or more Pre-Indo-European wanderworts.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mán.draː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈman.dra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈman.dra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈman.dra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈman.dra/
Noun
μᾰ́νδρᾱ • (mándrā) f (genitive μᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension
- enclosed space
- fold, pen, barn, or stable for cattle or sometimes horses
- Synonym: ὄστρῐμον (óstrimon)
- 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 106
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 4.61
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.648a
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 659.3
- (figuratively) bezel of a ring depicting oxen
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epigrams 21
- Palatine Anthology 9.746
- 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 5.14
- square on a draughtboard
- cloister, monastery
Declension
First declension of ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ; τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ hē mándrā | τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā | αἱ μᾰ́νδραι hai mándrai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tês mándrās | τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain | τῶν μᾰνδρῶν tôn mandrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ μᾰ́νδρᾳ têi mándrāi | τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain | ταῖς μᾰ́νδραις taîs mándrais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν μᾰ́νδρᾱν tḕn mándrān | τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā | τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tā̀s mándrās | ||||||||||
Vocative | μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā | μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā | μᾰ́νδραι mándrai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- Ἀναξῐ́μᾰνδρος (Anaxímandros)
- ἀρχῐμᾰνδρῑ́της (arkhimandrī́tēs)
- μᾰ́νδρευμᾰ (mándreuma)
Descendants
- Greek: μάντρα (mántra), μάνδρα (mándra)
- → Latin: mandra
- Catalan: mandra
- Italian: mandria, mandra
- Sardinian: mandra
- → Albanian: mandër
- Sicilian: mànnira
- → Laz: მანდრე (mandre, “cowshed”)
- → Middle Armenian: մանդրայ (mandray), մանրայ (manray)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ماندره (mandra), مندره (mandra)
- Turkish: mandıra
- → Armenian: մանտռա (mantṙa)
- → Aromanian: mandrã
- → Bulgarian: ма́ндъра (mándǎra), мандра (mandra)
- → Macedonian: мандра (mandra)
- → Romanian: mandră
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: мандра
- Latin: mandra
Further reading
- “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάνδρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- stable idem, page 808.
- stall idem, page 809.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Leschber, Corinna (2011), “Zeitliche Tiefe etymologischer Bezüge [Time depth in etymological research]”, in Linguistique Balkanique (in German), volume 50, issue 2–3, Sofia, pages 75–78