λαός
See also: ΛΑΟΣ, Λάος, ΛΑ.Ο.Σ, laos, Laos, and LAOS
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- λεώς (leṓs) (Attic)
- ληός (lēós) (Ionic)
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *lāwós, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂wos (“people (under arms)”), from *leh₂- (“military action”).[1] Cognate with Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (laḫḫa-, “campaign”) and Phrygian λαϝαγταει (lawagtaei).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /laː.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /laˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /laˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /laˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /laˈos/
Noun
λᾱός • (lāós) m (genitive λᾱοῦ); second declension
- people, people assembled, the people of a country
- the soldiers
- common people (as opposed to leaders or priests); the subjects of a prince
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ λᾱός; τοῦ λᾱοῦ (Koine)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ λᾱός ho lāós | τὼ λᾱώ tṑ lāṓ | οἱ λᾱοί hoi lāoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ λᾱοῦ toû lāoû | τοῖν λᾱοῖν toîn lāoîn | τῶν λᾱῶν tôn lāôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ λᾱῷ tôi lāôi | τοῖν λᾱοῖν toîn lāoîn | τοῖς λᾱοῖς toîs lāoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν λᾱόν tòn lāón | τὼ λᾱώ tṑ lāṓ | τοὺς λᾱούς toùs lāoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | λᾱέ lāé | λᾱώ lāṓ | λᾱοί lāoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Second declension of ὁ λᾱός; τοῦ λᾱοῖο (Doric)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ λᾱός ho lāós | τὼ λᾱώ tṑ lāṓ | τοὶ λᾱοί toì lāoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ λᾱοῖο toû lāoîo | τοῖν λᾱοῖν toîn lāoîn | τῶν λᾱῶν tôn lāôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ λᾱῷ tôi lāôi | τοῖν λᾱοῖν toîn lāoîn | τοῖς λᾱοῖς toîs lāoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν λᾱόν tòn lāón | τὼ λᾱώ tṑ lāṓ | τοὺς λᾱούς toùs lāoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | λᾱέ lāé | λᾱώ lāṓ | λᾱοί lāoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Second declension of λᾱός; λᾱοῦ (Epic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | λᾱός lāós | λᾱώ lāṓ | λᾱοί lāoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | λᾱοῦ / λᾱοῖο / λᾱόο lāoû / lāoîo / lāóo | λᾱοῖῐν lāoîin | λᾱῶν lāôn | ||||||||||
Dative | λᾱῷ lāôi | λᾱοῖῐν lāoîin | λᾱοῖσῐ / λᾱοῖσῐν / λᾱοῖς lāoîsi(n) / lāoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | λᾱόν lāón | λᾱώ lāṓ | λᾱούς lāoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | λᾱέ lāé | λᾱώ lāṓ | λᾱοί lāoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- Ἀγησίλαος (Agēsílaos)
- Αἰτωλός (Aitōlós)
- Ἑρμόλᾱος (Hermólāos)
- Λᾱέρτης (Lāértēs)
- λαϊκός (laïkós)
- Λαοθόη (Laothóē)
- Λᾱομέδων (Lāomédōn)
- λειτουργός (leitourgós)
- Λεωσθένης (Leōsthénēs)
- Λεωτῠχῐ́δης (Leōtukhídēs)
- λήϊτον (lḗïton)
- Μενέλᾱος (Menélāos)
- Νῑκόλᾱος (Nīkólāos)
- Πρωτεσῐ́λᾱος (Prōtesílāos)
- Σθενέλᾱος (Sthenélāos)
- Φιλόλαος (Philólaos)
Descendants
- → Coptic: ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (laos)
- Greek: λαός (laós)
References
- Douglas & Adams
Further reading
- “λαός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λαός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λαός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λαός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- λαός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “λαός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2992 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- commons idem, page 149.
- people idem, page 604.
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 31a
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek λαός (laós).
Noun
λαός • (laós) m (plural λαοί)
- people, the mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.
Declension
declension of λαός
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | λαός • | λαοί • |
genitive | λαού • | λαών • |
accusative | λαό • | λαούς • |
vocative | λαέ • | λαοί • |
Descendants
→ Aromanian: lao