λάβρος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- λαῦρος (laûros)
Etymology
Unknown. Perhaps dissimilated from *rabʰros, from Proto-Indo-European *rabʰ- (“to rage, to be furious, to anger”) (whence also Latin rabiō, rabiēs and Sanskrit रभस् (rabhas)), but the existence of this root is uncertain.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lá.bros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈla.bros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈla.βros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lǎː.bros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈla.bros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈla.βros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈla.vros/
Adjective
λᾱ́βρος • (lā́bros) m or f (neuter λᾱ́βρον); second declension
(Epic)
λᾰ́βρος • (lábros) m or f (neuter λᾰ́βρον); second declension
(Post-Homeric)
λᾰ́βρος • (lábros) m (feminine λᾰ́βρᾱ, neuter λᾰ́βρον); first/second declension
(Post-Homeric, rare)
- (Epic, of wind and water) furious, boisterous
- (Epic, of the Hellespont personified) huge, mighty
- (Post-Homeric, of men) boisterous, turbulent
- (Post-Homeric, of men, of speech) hasty
- (Post-Homeric, of men) fierce, violent, impetuous
Usage notes
- The initial alpha is long by position in Epic Greek but short in later texts.
Declension
Second declension of λᾱ́βρος; λᾱ́βρον (Epic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | λᾱ́βρος lā́bros | λᾱ́βρον lā́bron | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βροι lā́broi | λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Genitive | λᾱ́βρου / λᾱβροῖο / λᾱ́βροιο / λᾱβρόο / λᾱ́βροο lā́brou / lābroîo / lā́broio / lābróo / lā́broo | λᾱ́βρου / λᾱβροῖο / λᾱ́βροιο / λᾱβρόο / λᾱ́βροο lā́brou / lābroîo / lā́broio / lābróo / lā́broo | λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin | λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin | λᾱ́βρων lā́brōn | λᾱ́βρων lā́brōn | ||||||||
Dative | λᾱ́βρῳ lā́brōi | λᾱ́βρῳ lā́brōi | λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin | λᾱ́βροιῐν lā́broiin | λᾱ́βροισῐ / λᾱ́βροισῐν / λᾱ́βροις lā́broisi(n) / lā́brois | λᾱ́βροισῐ / λᾱ́βροισῐν / λᾱ́βροις lā́broisi(n) / lā́brois | ||||||||
Accusative | λᾱ́βρον lā́bron | λᾱ́βρον lā́bron | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βρους lā́brous | λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Vocative | λᾱ́βρε lā́bre | λᾱ́βρον lā́bron | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βρω lā́brō | λᾱ́βροι lā́broi | λᾱ́βρᾰ lā́bra | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾱ́βρως lā́brōs | λᾱβρότερος lābróteros | λᾱβρότᾰτος lābrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Second declension of λᾰ́βρος; λᾰ́βρον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | λᾰ́βρος lábros | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βροι lábroi | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Genitive | λᾰ́βρου lábrou | λᾰ́βρου lábrou | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | ||||||||
Dative | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βροις lábrois | λᾰ́βροις lábrois | ||||||||
Accusative | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρους lábrous | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Vocative | λᾰ́βρε lábre | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βροι lábroi | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾰ́βρως lábrōs | λᾰβρότερος labróteros | λᾰβρότᾰτος labrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
First and second declension of λᾰ́βρος; λᾰ́βρᾱ; λᾰ́βρον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | λᾰ́βρος lábros | λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βροι lábroi | λᾰ́βραι lábrai | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Genitive | λᾰ́βρου lábrou | λᾰ́βρᾱς lábrās | λᾰ́βρου lábrou | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βραιν lábrain | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | λᾰ́βρων lábrōn | |||||
Dative | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi | λᾰ́βρᾳ lábrāi | λᾰ́βρῳ lábrōi | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βραιν lábrain | λᾰ́βροιν lábroin | λᾰ́βροις lábrois | λᾰ́βραις lábrais | λᾰ́βροις lábrois | |||||
Accusative | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρᾱν lábrān | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρους lábrous | λᾰ́βρᾱς lábrās | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Vocative | λᾰ́βρε lábre | λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā | λᾰ́βρον lábron | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βρᾱ lábrā | λᾰ́βρω lábrō | λᾰ́βροι lábroi | λᾰ́βραι lábrai | λᾰ́βρᾰ lábra | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
λᾰ́βρως lábrōs | λᾰβρότερος labróteros | λᾰβρότᾰτος labrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- λαβραγορέω (labragoréō)
- λαβραγόρης (labragórēs)
- λαβράζω (labrázō)
- λαβράκιον (labrákion)
- λαβράκτης (labráktēs)
- λαβράνιος (labránios)
- λάβραξ (lábrax)
- λαβρεία (labreía)
- λαβρεύομαι (labreúomai)
- λαβρηγορέω (labrēgoréō)
- λαβροβόρος (labrobóros)
- λαβρόνιον (labrónion)
- λαβρόομαι (labróomai)
- λαβροπόδης (labropódēs)
- λαβροποσία (labroposía)
- λαβροποτέω (labropotéō)
- λαβροσιάων (labrosiáōn)
- λαβροστομέω (labrostoméō)
- λαβροστομία (labrostomía)
- λαβροσύνη (labrosúnē)
- λαβρόσυτος (labrósutos)
- λαβρότης (labrótēs)
- λαβροφαγέω (labrophagéō)
- λαβρύσσει (labrússei)
References
- λάβρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- λάβρος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- λάβρος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λάβρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- λάβρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- λάβρος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter