κύκλος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀐𐀩𐀄 (ku-ke-re-u).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ký.klos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈky.klos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.klos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.klos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈci.klos/
Noun
κῠ́κλος • (kúklos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension
- circle, ring
- Any circular object, such as a wheel
- A crowd of people
- marketplace
- circular movement
- sphere, globe
Declension
Second declension of ὁ κῠ́κλος; τοῦ κῠ́κλου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κῠ́κλος ho kúklos | τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kúklō | οἱ κῠ́κλοι hoi kúkloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κῠ́κλου toû kúklou | τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kúkloin | τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kúklōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κῠ́κλῳ tôi kúklōi | τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kúkloin | τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kúklois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κῠ́κλον tòn kúklon | τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kúklō | τοὺς κῠ́κλους toùs kúklous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κῠ́κλε kúkle | κῠ́κλω kúklō | κῠ́κλοι kúkloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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There also exists an irregular plural
Second declension of τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ; τῶν κῠ́κλων (Attic)
Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tà kúkla | ||||||||||||
Genitive | τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kúklōn | ||||||||||||
Dative | τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kúklois | ||||||||||||
Accusative | τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tà kúkla | ||||||||||||
Vocative | κῠ́κλᾰ kúkla | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἡμικύκλιος (hēmikúklios)
- παράκυκλος (parákuklos)
- τετρᾰ́κῠκλος (tetrákuklos)
- ὑπόκυκλος (hupókuklos)
Descendants
- Greek: κύκλος (kýklos)
- → Latin: cyclus
- Catalan: cicle
- Dutch: cyclus
- French: cycle
- Galician: ciclo
- Italian: ciclo
- Middle English: cicle
- English: cycle
- → Japanese: サイクル (saikuru)
- English: cycle
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: syklus, sykkel
- Nynorsk: syklus, sykkel
- Portuguese: ciclo
- Romanian: ciclu
- Sicilian: cìculu
- Spanish: ciclo
- Swedish: cykel
- English: Ku Klux
Further reading
- “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κύκλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κύκλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κύκλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κύκλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2945 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- arch idem, page 38.
- area idem, page 39.
- ball idem, page 60.
- bow idem, page 91.
- buckler idem, page 102.
- circle idem, page 132.
- circuit idem, page 132.
- circumference idem, page 132.
- compass idem, page 150.
- cycle idem, page 193.
- disc idem, page 228.
- disk idem, page 234.
- expanse idem, page 292.
- eye idem, page 299.
- globe idem, page 362.
- hoop idem, page 405.
- orb idem, page 578.
- period idem, page 607.
- precincts idem, page 634.
- radius idem, page 668.
- revolution idem, page 711.
- ring idem, page 716.
- round idem, page 722.
- shield idem, page 765.
- span idem, page 797.
- sphere idem, page 801.
- stretch idem, page 825.
- tract idem, page 885.
- vault idem, page 945.
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos).
Noun
κύκλος • (kýklos) m (plural κύκλοι)
- (geometry) circle
- period, cycle
- series, cycle
- clique, coterie, circle, set (of people)
- (sports) circuit, course, track
- (education) course
- (business) turnover
Declension
declension of κύκλος
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | κύκλος • | κύκλοι • |
genitive | κύκλου • | κύκλων • |
accusative | κύκλο • | κύκλους • |
vocative | κύκλε • | κύκλοι • |
Coordinate terms
- see: δακτύλιος m (daktýlios, “circle, ring”) for a list of other "rings" and "circles"
Derived terms
- γιγάκυκλος (gigákyklos, “gigacycle”)
- ημικύκλιο n (imikýklio, “semicircle”)
- φαύλος κύκλος m (fávlos kýklos, “vicious circle”)