κύαρ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
An old r/n-stem from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”), which is found thematicized in Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀 (sūra, “hole, lacuna”), as well as in Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”); a thematic n-stem occurs in Sanskrit शून (śūna, “tumid, tumescent”), सून (sūna, “emptiness, lack”), शुन्य (śunya, “empty, void”). An l-stem is supposed in κύλα (kúla, “holes under the eyelids”), but see κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”) too. These words are generally connected with the group of κύεω (kúeō, “to be pregnant with”), assuming a basic meaning "curvation", whence both "hole" and "vaulting".
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ký.ar/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈky.ar/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.ar/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.ar/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈci.ar/
Noun
κῠ́αρ • (kúar) n (genitive κῠ́ατος); third declension
- eye of a needle
- (anatomy) orifice of the ear, earhole
Inflection
Third declension of τὸ κῠ́αρ; τοῦ κῠ́ατος (Attic)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κῠ́αρ tò kúar | τὼ κῠ́ατε tṑ kúate | τᾰ̀ κῠ́ατᾰ tà kúata | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κῠ́ατος toû kúatos | τοῖν κῠάτοιν toîn kuátoin | τῶν κῠάτων tôn kuátōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κῠ́ατῐ tôi kúati | τοῖν κῠάτοιν toîn kuátoin | τοῖς κῠ́ασῐ / κῠ́ασῐν toîs kúasi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κῠ́αρ tò kúar | τὼ κῠ́ατε tṑ kúate | τᾰ̀ κῠ́ατᾰ tà kúata | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κῠ́αρ kúar | κῠ́ατε kúate | κῠ́ατᾰ kúata | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Further reading
- “κύαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κύαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN