κωλύω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Possibly a Pre-Greek word.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kɔː.ly̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /koˈli.o/
Verb
κωλῡ́ω • (kōlū́ō)
- (with accusative of person and infinitive) to hinder, prevent someone from doing something
Usage notes
The other verbs of preventing usually take μή (mḗ) before the infinitive, but this is not the case with κωλύω (kōlúō).
Inflection
Present: κωλῡ́ω, κωλῡ́ομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κωλῡ́ω | κωλῡ́εις | κωλῡ́ει | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡ́ομεν | κωλῡ́ετε | κωλῡ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κωλῡ́ω | κωλῡ́ῃς | κωλῡ́ῃ | κωλῡ́ητον | κωλῡ́ητον | κωλῡ́ωμεν | κωλῡ́ητε | κωλῡ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κωλῡ́οιμῐ | κωλῡ́οις | κωλῡ́οι | κωλῡ́οιτον | κωλῡοίτην | κωλῡ́οιμεν | κωλῡ́οιτε | κωλῡ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | κώλῡε | κωλῡέτω | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡέτων | κωλῡ́ετε | κωλῡόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κωλῡ́ομαι | κωλῡ́ῃ, κωλῡ́ει | κωλῡ́εται | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡόμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́εσθε | κωλῡ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κωλῡ́ωμαι | κωλῡ́ῃ | κωλῡ́ηται | κωλῡ́ησθον | κωλῡ́ησθον | κωλῡώμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́ησθε | κωλῡ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | κωλῡοίμην | κωλῡ́οιο | κωλῡ́οιτο | κωλῡ́οισθον | κωλῡοίσθην | κωλῡοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́οισθε | κωλῡ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | κωλῡ́ου | κωλῡέσθω | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡέσθων | κωλῡ́εσθε | κωλῡέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κωλῡ́ειν | κωλῡ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κωλῡ́ων | κωλῡόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κωλῡ́ουσᾰ | κωλῡομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κωλῦον | κωλῡόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐκώλῡον, ἐκωλῡόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκώλῡον | ἐκώλῡες | ἐκώλῡε(ν) | ἐκωλῡ́ετον | ἐκωλῡέτην | ἐκωλῡ́ομεν | ἐκωλῡ́ετε | ἐκώλῡον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐκωλῡόμην | ἐκωλῡ́ου | ἐκωλῡ́ετο | ἐκωλῡ́εσθον | ἐκωλῡέσθην | ἐκωλῡόμεθᾰ | ἐκωλῡ́εσθε | ἐκωλῡ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: κωλῡ́σω, κωλῡ́σομαι, κωλῡθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κωλῡ́σω | κωλῡ́σεις | κωλῡ́σει | κωλῡ́σετον | κωλῡ́σετον | κωλῡ́σομεν | κωλῡ́σετε | κωλῡ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κωλῡ́σοιμῐ | κωλῡ́σοις | κωλῡ́σοι | κωλῡ́σοιτον | κωλῡσοίτην | κωλῡ́σοιμεν | κωλῡ́σοιτε | κωλῡ́σοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κωλῡ́σομαι | κωλῡ́σῃ, κωλῡ́σει | κωλῡ́σεται | κωλῡ́σεσθον | κωλῡ́σεσθον | κωλῡσόμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σεσθε | κωλῡ́σονται | ||||
| optative | κωλῡσοίμην | κωλῡ́σοιο | κωλῡ́σοιτο | κωλῡ́σοισθον | κωλῡσοίσθην | κωλῡσοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σοισθε | κωλῡ́σοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | κωλῡθήσομαι | κωλῡθήσῃ | κωλῡθήσεται | κωλῡθήσεσθον | κωλῡθήσεσθον | κωλῡθησόμεθᾰ | κωλῡθήσεσθε | κωλῡθήσονται | ||||
| optative | κωλῡθησοίμην | κωλῡθήσοιο | κωλῡθήσοιτο | κωλῡθήσοισθον | κωλῡθησοίσθην | κωλῡθησοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡθήσοισθε | κωλῡθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κωλῡ́σειν | κωλῡ́σεσθαι | κωλῡθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κωλῡ́σων | κωλῡσόμενος | κωλῡθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | κωλῡ́σουσᾰ | κωλῡσομένη | κωλῡθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | κωλῦσον | κωλῡσόμενον | κωλῡθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐκώλῡσᾰ, ἐκωλῡσᾰ́μην, ἐκωλῡ́θην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκώλῡσᾰ | ἐκώλῡσᾰς | ἐκώλῡσε(ν) | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτον | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́την | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰμεν | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτε | ἐκώλῡσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κωλῡ́σω | κωλῡ́σῃς | κωλῡ́σῃ | κωλῡ́σητον | κωλῡ́σητον | κωλῡ́σωμεν | κωλῡ́σητε | κωλῡ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κωλῡ́σαιμῐ | κωλῡ́σειᾰς, κωλῡ́σαις | κωλῡ́σειε(ν), κωλῡ́σαι | κωλῡ́σαιτον | κωλῡσαίτην | κωλῡ́σαιμεν | κωλῡ́σαιτε | κωλῡ́σειᾰν, κωλῡ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | κώλῡσον | κωλῡσᾰ́τω | κωλῡ́σᾰτον | κωλῡσᾰ́των | κωλῡ́σᾰτε | κωλῡσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́μην | ἐκωλῡ́σω | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτο | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰσθον | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́σθην | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰσθε | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | κωλῡ́σωμαι | κωλῡ́σῃ | κωλῡ́σηται | κωλῡ́σησθον | κωλῡ́σησθον | κωλῡσώμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σησθε | κωλῡ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | κωλῡσαίμην | κωλῡ́σαιο | κωλῡ́σαιτο | κωλῡ́σαισθον | κωλῡσαίσθην | κωλῡσαίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σαισθε | κωλῡ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | κώλῡσαι | κωλῡσᾰ́σθω | κωλῡ́σᾰσθον | κωλῡσᾰ́σθων | κωλῡ́σᾰσθε | κωλῡσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐκωλῡ́θην | ἐκωλῡ́θης | ἐκωλῡ́θη | ἐκωλῡ́θητον | ἐκωλῡθήτην | ἐκωλῡ́θημεν | ἐκωλῡ́θητε | ἐκωλῡ́θησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κωλῡθῶ | κωλῡθῇς | κωλῡθῇ | κωλῡθῆτον | κωλῡθῆτον | κωλῡθῶμεν | κωλῡθῆτε | κωλῡθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κωλῡθείην | κωλῡθείης | κωλῡθείη | κωλῡθεῖτον, κωλῡθείητον | κωλῡθείτην, κωλῡθειήτην | κωλῡθεῖμεν, κωλῡθείημεν | κωλῡθεῖτε, κωλῡθείητε | κωλῡθεῖεν, κωλῡθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κωλῡ́θητῐ | κωλῡθήτω | κωλῡ́θητον | κωλῡθήτων | κωλῡ́θητε | κωλῡθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κωλῦσαι | κωλῡ́σᾰσθαι | κωλῡθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κωλῡ́σᾱς | κωλῡσᾰ́μενος | κωλῡθείς | |||||||||
| f | κωλῡ́σᾱσᾰ | κωλῡσᾰμένη | κωλῡθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | κωλῦσᾰν | κωλῡσᾰ́μενον | κωλῡθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: κεκώλῡκᾰ, κεκώλῡμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κεκώλῡκᾰ | κεκώλῡκᾰς | κεκώλῡκε(ν) | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτον | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτον | κεκωλῡ́κᾰμεν | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτε | κεκωλῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκωλῡ́κω | κεκωλῡ́κῃς | κεκωλῡ́κῃ | κεκωλῡ́κητον | κεκωλῡ́κητον | κεκωλῡ́κωμεν | κεκωλῡ́κητε | κεκωλῡ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκωλῡ́κοιμῐ, κεκωλῡκοίην | κεκωλῡ́κοις, κεκωλῡκοίης | κεκωλῡ́κοι, κεκωλῡκοίη | κεκωλῡ́κοιτον | κεκωλῡκοίτην | κεκωλῡ́κοιμεν | κεκωλῡ́κοιτε | κεκωλῡ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κεκώλῡκε | κεκωλῡκέτω | κεκωλῡ́κετον | κεκωλῡκέτων | κεκωλῡ́κετε | κεκωλῡκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κεκώλῡμαι | κεκώλῡσαι | κεκώλῡται | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκωλῡ́μεθᾰ | κεκώλῡσθε | κεκώλῡνται | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκωλῡμένος ὦ | κεκωλῡμένος ᾖς | κεκωλῡμένος ᾖ | κεκωλῡμένω ἦτον | κεκωλῡμένω ἦτον | κεκωλῡμένοι ὦμεν | κεκωλῡμένοι ἦτε | κεκωλῡμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκωλῡμένος εἴην | κεκωλῡμένος εἴης | κεκωλῡμένος εἴη | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκωλῡμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κεκώλῡσο | κεκωλῡ́σθω | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκωλῡ́σθων | κεκώλῡσθε | κεκωλῡ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κεκωλῡκέναι | κεκωλῦσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κεκωλῡκώς | κεκωλῡμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κεκωλῡκυῖᾰ | κεκωλῡμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κεκωλῡκός | κεκωλῡμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀντικωλύω (antikōlúō)
- ἀποκωλύω (apokōlúō)
- διακωλύω (diakōlúō)
- ἐγκωλύω (enkōlúō)
- ἐπικωλύω (epikōlúō)
- κατακωλύω (katakōlúō)
- συγκωλύω (sunkōlúō)
Related terms
- κώλυμα (kṓluma)
- κωλύμη (kōlúmē)
- κώλυσις (kṓlusis)
- κωλυτέον (kōlutéon)
- κωλυτήρ (kōlutḗr)
- κωλυτήριος (kōlutḗrios)
- κωλυτής (kōlutḗs)
- κωλυτικός (kōlutikós)
- κωλυτός (kōlutós)
References
- κωλύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κωλύω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κωλύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κωλύω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2967 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κωλύω of unknown etymon. Possibly related to the ancient κολούω (koloúō, “curtail, cut short”) or to *κῶλ-ος ("peg").[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /koˈli.o/
- Hyphenation: κω‧λύ‧ω
Verb
κωλύω • (kolýo) (simple past κώλυσα, passive κωλύομαι) found chiefly in the present and imperfect tenses
- prevent by putting an obstacle, hinder, preclude
- (usually in the passive) I am unable to
- Κωλύομαι, δεν μπορώ να σου πω τι συνέβη. Του υποσχέθηκα ότι θα το κρατήσω μυστικό.
- Kolýomai, den boró na sou po ti synévi. Tou yposchéthika óti tha to kratíso mystikó.
- I am hindered, I cannot tell you what happened. I promised him I will keep it a secret.
- (perfective tenses: for legal expressions)
- Η διάταξη αυτή κωλύει την εφαρμογή της εθνικής ρυθμίσεως.
- I diátaxi aftí kolýei tin efarmogí tis ethnikís rythmíseos.
- That rule precludes the application of national legislation. (eur‑lex, 1993)
- Kωλύθηκε για λόγους υγείας. ― Kolýthike gia lógous ygeías. ― s/he was prevented because of health (problems) (Government Gazette 180/2015)
Usage notes
Past tenses: active κώλυσα and passive κωλύθηκα are mostly found in the compound and synonym παρακωλύω, in legal expressions and in old texts.
- Very frequent misspellings of κόλλησα (kóllisa) and κολλήθηκα (kollíthika) of verb κολλάω, κολλώ (kolláo, kolló, “glue, stick”).
- Το αυτοκίνητο κόλλησε στη λάσπη. ― To aftokínito kóllise sti láspi. ― The car stuck in the mud.
- Η αφίσα κολλήθηκε στον τοίχο. ― I afísa kollíthike ston toícho. ― The poster was stuck on the wall.
Conjugation
κωλύω κωλύομαι
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | κωλύω | κωλύσω1 | κωλύομαι | κωλυθώ1 |
| 2 sg | κωλύεις | κωλύσεις | κωλύεσαι | κωλυθείς |
| 3 sg | κωλύει | κωλύσει | κωλύεται | κωλυθεί |
| 1 pl | κωλύουμε, [‑ομε] | κωλύσουμε, [‑ομε] | κωλυόμαστε, {κωλυόμεθα} | κωλυθούμε |
| 2 pl | κωλύετε | κωλύσετε | κωλύεστε, {κωλύεσθε}, [κωλυόσαστε] | κωλυθείτε |
| 3 pl | κωλύουν[ε] | κωλύσουν[ε] | κωλύονται | κωλυθούν[ε] |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | κώλυα | κώλυσα1 | κωλυόμουν[α] | κωλύθηκα1 |
| 2 sg | κώλυες | κώλυσες | κωλυόσουν[α] | κωλύθηκες |
| 3 sg | κώλυε | κώλυσε | κωλυόταν[ε] | κωλύθηκε |
| 1 pl | κωλύαμε | κωλύσαμε | κωλυόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | κωλυθήκαμε |
| 2 pl | κωλύατε | κωλύσατε | κωλυόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | κωλυθήκατε |
| 3 pl | κώλυαν, [κωλύαν(ε)] | κώλυσαν, [κωλύσαν(ε)] | κωλύονταν, [κωλυόντουσαν] | κωλύθηκαν, [κωλυθήκαν(ε)] |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα κωλύω ➤ | θα κωλύσω ➤ | θα κωλύομαι ➤ | θα κωλυθώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα κωλύεις, … | θα κωλύσεις, … | θα κωλύεσαι, … | θα κωλυθείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … κωλύσει | έχω, έχεις, … κωλυθεί | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … κωλύσει | είχα, είχες, … κωλυθεί | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κωλύσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κωλυθεί | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας, όταν, …). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | κώλυε | κώλυσε | — | κωλύσου |
| 2 pl | κωλύετε | κωλύστε | κωλύεστε | κωλυθείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | κωλύοντας ➤ | κωλυόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας κωλύσει ➤ | — | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | κωλύσει | κωλυθεί | ||
| Notes | 1. Past tenses, are found in the compound παρακωλύω, in legal expressions and in old texts. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
- παρακωλύω (parakolýo)
- παρεμποδίζω (parempodízo), εμποδίζω (empodízo)
Related terms
- ακώλυτος (akólytos, “unhindered”)
- απαρακώλυτος (aparakólytos, “unhindered”)
- κώλυμα n (kólyma, “hindrance”)
- κωλυόμενος (kolyómenos, “being hindered”, participle)
- κωλυσιεργία f (kolysiergía)
- κωλυσιεργώ (kolysiergó, “prevent by prolonging”)
- παρακώλυση f (parakólysi, “hindrance”)
- παρακωλύω (parakolýo, “hinder”)
References
- Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), “κωλύω”, in Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre