κρύπτω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- κρύφω (krúphō) – Koine
Etymology
Unknown. The etymology determination is complicated by the fact that the word is both in sense and form similar with Ancient Greek καλύπτω (kalúptō), thus indicating possible (bi-directional) analogical influence.
Although the word often compared with semantically close Proto-Balto-Slavic *kráuˀtei (e. g. Russian крыть (krytʹ), Old Church Slavonic крꙑти (kryti), Lithuanian krovinys), de Vaan notes that Balto-Slavic evidence demands a laryngeal while Greek excludes it.
Beekes suggested possible Pre-Greek origin due to lack of Indo-European etymology, but acknowledged that the variation in labial (which he usually considered to be an argument for substrate origin) may be due to aforementioned analogy.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krýp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkrip.to/
Verb
κρύπτω • (krúptō)
- to hide, cover
- to conceal, obscure
Inflection
Present: κρῠ́πτω, κρῠ́πτομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κρῠ́πτω | κρῠ́πτεις | κρῠ́πτει | κρῠ́πτετον | κρῠ́πτετον | κρῠ́πτομεν | κρῠ́πτετε | κρῠ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κρῠ́πτω | κρῠ́πτῃς | κρῠ́πτῃ | κρῠ́πτητον | κρῠ́πτητον | κρῠ́πτωμεν | κρῠ́πτητε | κρῠ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κρῠ́πτοιμῐ | κρῠ́πτοις | κρῠ́πτοι | κρῠ́πτοιτον | κρῠπτοίτην | κρῠ́πτοιμεν | κρῠ́πτοιτε | κρῠ́πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κρῠ́πτε | κρῠπτέτω | κρῠ́πτετον | κρῠπτέτων | κρῠ́πτετε | κρῠπτόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κρῠ́πτομαι | κρῠ́πτῃ, κρῠ́πτει | κρῠ́πτεται | κρῠ́πτεσθον | κρῠ́πτεσθον | κρῠπτόμεθᾰ | κρῠ́πτεσθε | κρῠ́πτονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κρῠ́πτωμαι | κρῠ́πτῃ | κρῠ́πτηται | κρῠ́πτησθον | κρῠ́πτησθον | κρῠπτώμεθᾰ | κρῠ́πτησθε | κρῠ́πτωνται | |||||
| optative | κρῠπτοίμην | κρῠ́πτοιο | κρῠ́πτοιτο | κρῠ́πτοισθον | κρῠπτοίσθην | κρῠπτοίμεθᾰ | κρῠ́πτοισθε | κρῠ́πτοιντο | |||||
| imperative | κρῠ́πτου | κρῠπτέσθω | κρῠ́πτεσθον | κρῠπτέσθων | κρῠ́πτεσθε | κρῠπτέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κρῠ́πτειν | κρῠ́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κρῠ́πτων | κρῠπτόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κρῠ́πτουσᾰ | κρῠπτομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κρῠ́πτον | κρῠπτόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔκρῠπτον, ἐκρῠπτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκρῠπτον | ἔκρῠπτες | ἔκρῠπτε(ν) | ἐκρῠ́πτετον | ἐκρῠπτέτην | ἐκρῠ́πτομεν | ἐκρῠ́πτετε | ἔκρῠπτον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐκρῠπτόμην | ἐκρῠ́πτου | ἐκρῠ́πτετο | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθον | ἐκρῠπτέσθην | ἐκρῠπτόμεθᾰ | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθε | ἐκρῠ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: κρῠ́ψω, κρῠ́ψομαι, κρῠφθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κρῠ́ψω | κρῠ́ψεις | κρῠ́ψει | κρῠ́ψετον | κρῠ́ψετον | κρῠ́ψομεν | κρῠ́ψετε | κρῠ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κρῠ́ψοιμῐ | κρῠ́ψοις | κρῠ́ψοι | κρῠ́ψοιτον | κρῠψοίτην | κρῠ́ψοιμεν | κρῠ́ψοιτε | κρῠ́ψοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κρῠ́ψομαι | κρῠ́ψῃ, κρῠ́ψει | κρῠ́ψεται | κρῠ́ψεσθον | κρῠ́ψεσθον | κρῠψόμεθᾰ | κρῠ́ψεσθε | κρῠ́ψονται | ||||
| optative | κρῠψοίμην | κρῠ́ψοιο | κρῠ́ψοιτο | κρῠ́ψοισθον | κρῠψοίσθην | κρῠψοίμεθᾰ | κρῠ́ψοισθε | κρῠ́ψοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | κρῠφθήσομαι | κρῠφθήσῃ | κρῠφθήσεται | κρῠφθήσεσθον | κρῠφθήσεσθον | κρῠφθησόμεθᾰ | κρῠφθήσεσθε | κρῠφθήσονται | ||||
| optative | κρῠφθησοίμην | κρῠφθήσοιο | κρῠφθήσοιτο | κρῠφθήσοισθον | κρῠφθησοίσθην | κρῠφθησοίμεθᾰ | κρῠφθήσοισθε | κρῠφθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κρῠ́ψειν | κρῠ́ψεσθαι | κρῠφθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κρῠ́ψων | κρῠψόμενος | κρῠφθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | κρῠ́ψουσᾰ | κρῠψομένη | κρῠφθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | κρῠ́ψον | κρῠψόμενον | κρῠφθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔκρῠψᾰ, ἐκρῠψᾰ́μην, ἐκρῠ́φθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκρῠψᾰ | ἔκρῠψᾰς | ἔκρῠψε(ν) | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰτον | ἐκρῠψᾰ́την | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰμεν | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰτε | ἔκρῠψᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κρῠ́ψω | κρῠ́ψῃς | κρῠ́ψῃ | κρῠ́ψητον | κρῠ́ψητον | κρῠ́ψωμεν | κρῠ́ψητε | κρῠ́ψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κρῠ́ψαιμῐ | κρῠ́ψειᾰς, κρῠ́ψαις | κρῠ́ψειε(ν), κρῠ́ψαι | κρῠ́ψαιτον | κρῠψαίτην | κρῠ́ψαιμεν | κρῠ́ψαιτε | κρῠ́ψειᾰν, κρῠ́ψαιεν | |||||
| imperative | κρῠ́ψον | κρῠψᾰ́τω | κρῠ́ψᾰτον | κρῠψᾰ́των | κρῠ́ψᾰτε | κρῠψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐκρῠψᾰ́μην | ἐκρῠ́ψω | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰτο | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰσθον | ἐκρῠψᾰ́σθην | ἐκρῠψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰσθε | ἐκρῠ́ψᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | κρῠ́ψωμαι | κρῠ́ψῃ | κρῠ́ψηται | κρῠ́ψησθον | κρῠ́ψησθον | κρῠψώμεθᾰ | κρῠ́ψησθε | κρῠ́ψωνται | |||||
| optative | κρῠψαίμην | κρῠ́ψαιο | κρῠ́ψαιτο | κρῠ́ψαισθον | κρῠψαίσθην | κρῠψαίμεθᾰ | κρῠ́ψαισθε | κρῠ́ψαιντο | |||||
| imperative | κρῠ́ψαι | κρῠψᾰ́σθω | κρῠ́ψᾰσθον | κρῠψᾰ́σθων | κρῠ́ψᾰσθε | κρῠψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐκρῠ́φθην | ἐκρῠ́φθης | ἐκρῠ́φθη | ἐκρῠ́φθητον | ἐκρῠφθήτην | ἐκρῠ́φθημεν | ἐκρῠ́φθητε | ἐκρῠ́φθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κρῠφθῶ | κρῠφθῇς | κρῠφθῇ | κρῠφθῆτον | κρῠφθῆτον | κρῠφθῶμεν | κρῠφθῆτε | κρῠφθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κρῠφθείην | κρῠφθείης | κρῠφθείη | κρῠφθεῖτον, κρῠφθείητον | κρῠφθείτην, κρῠφθειήτην | κρῠφθεῖμεν, κρῠφθείημεν | κρῠφθεῖτε, κρῠφθείητε | κρῠφθεῖεν, κρῠφθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κρύφθητῐ | κρῠφθήτω | κρῠ́φθητον | κρῠφθήτων | κρῠ́φθητε | κρῠφθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κρῠ́ψαι | κρῠ́ψᾰσθαι | κρῠφθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κρῠ́ψᾱς | κρῠψᾰ́μενος | κρῠφθείς | |||||||||
| f | κρῠ́ψᾱσᾰ | κρῠψᾰμένη | κρῠφθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | κρῠ́ψᾰν | κρῠψᾰ́μενον | κρῠφθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: κέκρυφᾰ, κέκρῠμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κέκρυφᾰ | κέκρυφᾰς | κέκρυφε(ν) | κεκρύφᾰτον | κεκρύφᾰτον | κεκρύφᾰμεν | κεκρύφᾰτε | κεκρύφᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκρύφω | κεκρύφῃς | κεκρύφῃ | κεκρύφητον | κεκρύφητον | κεκρύφωμεν | κεκρύφητε | κεκρύφωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκρύφοιμῐ, κεκρυφοίην | κεκρύφοις, κεκρυφοίης | κεκρύφοι, κεκρυφοίη | κεκρύφοιτον | κεκρυφοίτην | κεκρύφοιμεν | κεκρύφοιτε | κεκρύφοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κέκρυφε | κεκρυφέτω | κεκρύφετον | κεκρυφέτων | κεκρύφετε | κεκρυφόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κέκρῠμαι | κέκρῠσαι | κέκρῠται | κέκρῠσθον | κέκρῠσθον | κεκρῠ́μεθᾰ | κέκρῠσθε | κέκρῠνται | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκρῠμένος ὦ | κεκρῠμένος ᾖς | κεκρῠμένος ᾖ | κεκρῠμένω ἦτον | κεκρῠμένω ἦτον | κεκρῠμένοι ὦμεν | κεκρῠμένοι ἦτε | κεκρῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκρῠμένος εἴην | κεκρῠμένος εἴης | κεκρῠμένος εἴη | κεκρῠμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκρῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκρῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκρῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκρῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κέκρῠσο | κεκρῠ́σθω | κέκρῠσθον | κεκρῠ́σθων | κέκρῠσθε | κεκρῠ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κεκρυφέναι | κεκρῠ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κεκρυφώς | κεκρῠμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κεκρυφυῖᾰ | κεκρῠμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κεκρυφός | κεκρῠμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐκεκρύφειν, κεκρῠ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκεκρύφειν, ἐκεκρύφη | ἐκεκρύφεις, ἐκεκρύφης | ἐκεκρύφει(ν) | ἐκεκρύφετον | ἐκεκρυφέτην | ἐκεκρύφεμεν | ἐκεκρύφετε | ἐκεκρύφεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κεκρῠ́μην | κέκρῠσο | κέκρῠτο | κέκρῠσθον | κεκρῠ́σθην | κεκρῠ́μεθᾰ | κέκρῠσθε | κέκρῠντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future perfect: κεκρύφομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κεκρύφομαι | κεκρύφῃ, κεκρύφει | κεκρύφεται | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρυφόμεθᾰ | κεκρύφεσθε | κεκρύφονται | ||||
| optative | κεκρυφοίμην | κεκρύφοιο | κεκρύφοιτο | κεκρύφοισθον | κεκρυφοίσθην | κεκρυφοίμεθᾰ | κεκρύφοισθε | κεκρύφοιντο | |||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | κεκρύφεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | κεκρυφόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | κεκρυφομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | κεκρυφόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (conceal): καλύπτω (kalúptō)
Derived terms
- ἀμφικρύπτω (amphikrúptō)
- ἀνακρύπτω (anakrúptō)
- ἀποκρύπτω (apokrúptō)
- διακρύπτω (diakrúptō)
- ἐγκρύπτω (enkrúptō)
- ἐκκρύπτω (ekkrúptō)
- ἐπικρύπτω (epikrúptō)
- κατακρύπτω (katakrúptō)
- παρακρύπτω (parakrúptō)
- περικρύπτω (perikrúptō)
- προκρύπτω (prokrúptō)
- συγκρύπτω (sunkrúptō)
- ὑποκρύπτω (hupokrúptō)
Related terms
- κρυπτάδιος (kruptádios)
- κρυπτεία (krupteía)
- κρυπτέον (kruptéon)
- κρυπτεύω (krupteúō)
- κρυπτή (kruptḗ)
- κρυπτήρ (kruptḗr)
- κρυπτήριος (kruptḗrios)
- κρύπτης (krúptēs)
- κρυπτικός (kruptikós)
- κρυπτίνδα (kruptínda)
- κρυπτός (kruptós)
- κρύφα (krúpha)
- κρυφαῖος (kruphaîos)
- κρυφῇ (kruphêi)
- κρυφία (kruphía)
- κρύφιος (krúphios)
- κρυφός (kruphós)
- κρύψις (krúpsis)
Descendants
- Greek: κρύβω (krývo, “to conceal, to hide”)
References
- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κρύπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κρύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κρύπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κρύπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2928 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- de Vaan, Michiel (1999), “The PIE root structure *Te(R)Dʰ-¹)”, in Historische Sprachforschung, page 12
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κρύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 786-787
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɾi.pto/
- Hyphenation: κρύ‧πτω
Verb
κρύπτω • (krýpto) (past έκρυψα) passive -κρύπτομαι (found in compounds)
- dated form of of κρύβω (krývo) found in compounds
Conjugation
- See compounds
Related terms
Compounds:
- αποκρύπτω (apokrýpto, “conceal”), αποκρύβω (apokrývo)
- υποκρύπτω (ypokrýpto, “conceal”)
Other κρυπτ- words
- κρύπτη f (krýpti, “crypt”)
- κρυπτο- (krypto-), κρυπτ- (krypt-) like κρυπτογραφώ (kryptografó)
- κρυπτόν n (kryptón, “crypton”) (chemistry)
And see κρύβω (krývo) for stems κρυφ-, κρυψ-