κρύος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Traditionally considered from Proto-Indo-European *krews and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes there are semantic problems with this connection. Also compare Tocharian B kuraś (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”). Also see κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) and κρυμός (krumós).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krý.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkri.os/
Noun
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension
- cold, chilliness
- frost
- ice
Inflection
Third declension of τὸ κρῠ́ος; τοῦ κρῠ́ους (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos | τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei | τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ους toû krúous | τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn | τῶν κρῠῶν tôn kruôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ει tôi krúei | τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn | τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ / κρῠ́εσῐν toîs krúesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos | τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei | τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ος krúos | κρῠ́ει krúei | κρῠ́η krúē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Second declension of ὁ κρῠ́ος; τοῦ κρῠ́ου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κρῠ́ος ho krúos | τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō | οἱ κρῠ́οι hoi krúoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ου toû krúou | τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin | τῶν κρῠ́ων tôn krúōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ῳ tôi krúōi | τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin | τοῖς κρῠ́οις toîs krúois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κρῠ́ον tòn krúon | τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō | τοὺς κρῠ́ους toùs krúous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ε krúe | κρῠ́ω krúō | κρῠ́οι krúoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
- Greek: κρύος (krýos)
- Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)
References
- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chill idem, page 130.
- cold idem, page 142.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).
Compare Mariupol Greek кри́ю (kríju).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɾi.os/
Adjective
κρύος • (krýos) m (feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο)
- cold, chilled, chilly, cool
Declension
Declension of κρύος
number case \\ gender | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κρύος • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
genitive | κρύου • | κρύας • | κρύου • | κρύων • | κρύων • | κρύων • |
accusative | κρύο • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύους • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
vocative | κρύε • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) |
Coordinate terms
- χλιαρός (chliarós, “lukewarm”)
- ζεστός (zestós, “hot, warm”)
- θερμός (thermós, “hot, warm”)
Related terms
- κρύο n (krýo, “cold weather”)
- κρύωμα n (krýoma, “cold”) (illness)
Further reading
- κρύος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.