κεράτιον
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 19 April 2015
Etymology
From κέρᾰς (kéras, “horn”) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix). The sense of “carob“ stems from a Semitic loan and later mingled with the “hornlet” word, compare Arabic قَرَظ (qaraẓ, “acacia”), Classical Syriac ܩܸܪܲܛܵܐ (qerraṭṭā, “acacia; carob”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ke.rǎː.ti.on/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /keˈra.ti.on/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ceˈra.ti.on/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ceˈra.ti.on/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ceˈra.ti.on/
Noun
κερᾱ́τῐον • (kerā́tion) n (genitive κερᾱτῐ́ου); second declension
- small horn
- (zoology) antenna of the cerambycid or of the hermit crab
- (in the plural) curved ends of the womb
- (music) a musical instrument (perhaps a fife or clarionet)
- carat, 1⁄1728 of a pound(clarification of this definition is needed)
- a Byzantine coin of a certain value (clarification of this definition is needed)
- Alternative form of κερατωνία (keratōnía)
- fruit of the carob
Declension
Second declension of τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον; τοῦ κερᾱτῐ́ου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον tò kerā́tion | τὼ κερᾱτῐ́ω tṑ kerātíō | τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ tà kerā́tia | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κερᾱτῐ́ου toû kerātíou | τοῖν κερᾱτῐ́οιν toîn kerātíoin | τῶν κερᾱτῐ́ων tôn kerātíōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κερᾱτῐ́ῳ tôi kerātíōi | τοῖν κερᾱτῐ́οιν toîn kerātíoin | τοῖς κερᾱτῐ́οις toîs kerātíois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον tò kerā́tion | τὼ κερᾱτῐ́ω tṑ kerātíō | τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ tà kerā́tia | ||||||||||
Vocative | κερᾱ́τῐον kerā́tion | κερᾱτῐ́ω kerātíō | κερᾱ́τῐᾰ kerā́tia | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (carob, Ceratonia siliqua): κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (kerātōníā), κερωνῐ́ᾱ (kerōníā), κερᾱτέᾱ (kerātéā), κερᾱτῐ́ᾱ (kerātíā)
- (carob fruit): κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (kerā́tia)
Descendants
- → Arabic: قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ)
- → Amharic: ቂራጥ (ḳiraṭ)
- → English: kirat
- → Ge'ez: ቂራጥ (ḳiraṭ)
- → Italian: carato
- → Middle French: carat
- → English: carat
- → Middle French: carat
- → Portuguese: quirate, quilate (later)
- → Spanish: quirate, quilate (later)
- → Sicilian: caratu
- → Aramaic:
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: קרט
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קִירָטָא (qīrāṭā)
- Classical Syriac: ܩܱܪܛܳܐ (qarṭā)
- → Hebrew: קָרָט (qārāṭ)
- (4) → Coptic: ϭⲁⲣⲁⲧⲉ (carate) (Sahidic)
- → Latin: cerātium
References
- “κεράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κεράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κεράτιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G2769 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- κεράτιον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 200–201