καινός
See also: κοινός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kəňňós, from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥-yós, from *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognates include Sanskrit कनीन (kanīna, “young”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā, “girl, maiden”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬈 (kaine, “a maiden”) and, more distantly, Latin recens (“new, recent”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kai̯.nós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kɛˈnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cɛˈnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ceˈnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ceˈnos/
Adjective
καινός • (kainós) m (feminine καινή, neuter καινόν); first/second declension
- new, novel, recent
- Flavius Josephus, Roman Antiquities 7.265:
- μὴ κινήσητε πάλιν ἡμῖν καινὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς πρώταις ταραχὰς καὶ στάσεις
- mḕ kinḗsēte pálin hēmîn kainàs epì taîs prṓtais tarakhàs kaì stáseis
- Do not raise new troubles or rebellions now that the last ones are behind us
- μὴ κινήσητε πάλιν ἡμῖν καινὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς πρώταις ταραχὰς καὶ στάσεις
- Flavius Josephus, Roman Antiquities 14.104:
- περὶ δὲ τῆς Πομπηίου καὶ Γαβινίου στρατείας ἐπὶ Ἰουδαίους γράφει Νικόλαος ὁ Δαμασκηνὸς καὶ Στράβων ὁ Καππάδοξ οὐδὲν ἕτερος ἑτέρου καινότερον λέγων
- perì dè tês Pompēíou kaì Gabiníou strateías epì Ioudaíous gráphei Nikólaos ho Damaskēnòs kaì Strábōn ho Kappádox oudèn héteros hetérou kainóteron légōn
- Whilst Nicolaus of Damascus and Strabo of Cappadocia both describe Pompey's and Gabinius' expeditions against the Jews, none tells anything new that is not in the other (description)
- περὶ δὲ τῆς Πομπηίου καὶ Γαβινίου στρατείας ἐπὶ Ἰουδαίους γράφει Νικόλαος ὁ Δαμασκηνὸς καὶ Στράβων ὁ Καππάδοξ οὐδὲν ἕτερος ἑτέρου καινότερον λέγων
- fresh, unused
- strange, unusual
Inflection
First and second declension of καινός; καινή; καινόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | καινός kainós | καινή kainḗ | καινόν kainón | καινώ kainṓ | καινᾱ́ kainā́ | καινώ kainṓ | καινοί kainoí | καιναί kainaí | καινᾰ́ kainá | |||||
Genitive | καινοῦ kainoû | καινῆς kainês | καινοῦ kainoû | καινοῖν kainoîn | καιναῖν kainaîn | καινοῖν kainoîn | καινῶν kainôn | καινῶν kainôn | καινῶν kainôn | |||||
Dative | καινῷ kainôi | καινῇ kainêi | καινῷ kainôi | καινοῖν kainoîn | καιναῖν kainaîn | καινοῖν kainoîn | καινοῖς kainoîs | καιναῖς kainaîs | καινοῖς kainoîs | |||||
Accusative | καινόν kainón | καινήν kainḗn | καινόν kainón | καινώ kainṓ | καινᾱ́ kainā́ | καινώ kainṓ | καινούς kainoús | καινᾱ́ς kainā́s | καινᾰ́ kainá | |||||
Vocative | καινέ kainé | καινή kainḗ | καινόν kainón | καινώ kainṓ | καινᾱ́ kainā́ | καινώ kainṓ | καινοί kainoí | καιναί kainaí | καινᾰ́ kainá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
καινῶς kainôs | καινότερος kainóteros | καινότᾰτος kainótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (new): νέος (néos)
Derived terms
- ἐκ καινῆς (ek kainês, “anew, afresh”)
- καινότης (kainótēs, “newness”)
- τὸ καινὸν τοῦ πολέμου (tò kainòn toû polémou, “the unforeseen turn which war often takes”)
- καινόω (kainóō, “I change or make new”)
Further reading
- “καινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καινός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G2537 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- curious idem, page 190.
- exceptional idem, page 288.
- extraordinary idem, page 297.
- fresh idem, page 344.
- marvellous idem, page 516.
- modern idem, page 538.
- new idem, page 556.
- new-fangled idem, page 557.
- novel idem, page 562.
- original idem, page 579.
- peculiar idem, page 601.
- recent idem, page 678.
- strange idem, page 823.
- surprising idem, page 844.
- unaccustomed idem, page 906.
- uncommon idem, page 910.
- unexampled idem, page 917.
- unfamiliar idem, page 917.
- unheard idem, page 921.
- unique idem, page 922.
- unknown idem, page 923.
- unparalleled idem, page 927.
- unprecedented idem, page 927.
- unusual idem, page 935.
- unwonted idem, page 937.
- weird idem, page 973.
- wonderful idem, page 987.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN