καθαίρω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From καθαρός (katharós, “clean”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.tʰǎi̯.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kaˈtʰɛ.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /kaˈθɛ.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /kaˈθe.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /kaˈθe.ro/
Verb
καθαίρω • (kathaírō)
- to make clean, to clean, cleanse
- clear, purify; to purify from
- (religion) to purify
- (in the mediopassive) to purify oneself
- (medicine) to purge
- (horticulture) to remove growth from a plant, prune
- to sift
Usage notes
Definitions #1 and #2 can be used in a variety of senses including medical, ethical, spiritual, house-cleaning, etc.
The object may be the thing that one is cleaning, or the thing that is being removed by cleaning.
Inflection
Present: κᾰθαίρω, κᾰθαίρομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθαίρω | κᾰθαίρεις | κᾰθαίρει | κᾰθαίρετον | κᾰθαίρετον | κᾰθαίρομεν | κᾰθαίρετε | κᾰθαίρουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθαίρω | κᾰθαίρῃς | κᾰθαίρῃ | κᾰθαίρητον | κᾰθαίρητον | κᾰθαίρωμεν | κᾰθαίρητε | κᾰθαίρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰθαίροιμῐ | κᾰθαίροις | κᾰθαίροι | κᾰθαίροιτον | κᾰθαιροίτην | κᾰθαίροιμεν | κᾰθαίροιτε | κᾰθαίροιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰ́θαιρε | κᾰθαιρέτω | κᾰθαίρετον | κᾰθαιρέτων | κᾰθαίρετε | κᾰθαιρόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κᾰθαίρομαι | κᾰθαίρῃ, κᾰθαίρει | κᾰθαίρεται | κᾰθαίρεσθον | κᾰθαίρεσθον | κᾰθαιρόμεθᾰ | κᾰθαίρεσθε | κᾰθαίρονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθαίρωμαι | κᾰθαίρῃ | κᾰθαίρηται | κᾰθαίρησθον | κᾰθαίρησθον | κᾰθαιρώμεθᾰ | κᾰθαίρησθε | κᾰθαίρωνται | |||||
| optative | κᾰθαιροίμην | κᾰθαίροιο | κᾰθαίροιτο | κᾰθαίροισθον | κᾰθαιροίσθην | κᾰθαιροίμεθᾰ | κᾰθαίροισθε | κᾰθαίροιντο | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθαίρου | κᾰθαιρέσθω | κᾰθαίρεσθον | κᾰθαιρέσθων | κᾰθαίρεσθε | κᾰθαιρέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθαίρειν | κᾰθαίρεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθαίρων | κᾰθαιρόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰθαίρουσᾰ | κᾰθαιρομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰθαῖρον | κᾰθαιρόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐκᾰ́θαιρον, ἐκᾰθαιρόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκᾰ́θαιρον | ἐκᾰ́θαιρες | ἐκᾰ́θαιρε(ν) | ἐκᾰθαίρετον | ἐκᾰθαιρέτην | ἐκᾰθαίρομεν | ἐκᾰθαίρετε | ἐκᾰ́θαιρον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐκᾰθαιρόμην | ἐκᾰθαίρου | ἐκᾰθαίρετο | ἐκᾰθαίρεσθον | ἐκᾰθαιρέσθην | ἐκᾰθαιρόμεθᾰ | ἐκᾰθαίρεσθε | ἐκᾰθαίροντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: κᾰθᾰρέω, κᾰθᾰρέομαι, καθαρθήσομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθᾰρέω | κᾰθᾰρέεις | κᾰθᾰρέει | κᾰθᾰρέετον | κᾰθᾰρέετον | κᾰθᾰρέομεν | κᾰθᾰρέετε | κᾰθᾰρέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κᾰθᾰρέοιμῐ | κᾰθᾰρέοις | κᾰθᾰρέοι | κᾰθᾰρέοιτον | κᾰθᾰρεοίτην | κᾰθᾰρέοιμεν | κᾰθᾰρέοιτε | κᾰθᾰρέοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κᾰθᾰρέομαι | κᾰθᾰρέῃ, κᾰθᾰρέει | κᾰθᾰρέεται | κᾰθᾰρέεσθον | κᾰθᾰρέεσθον | κᾰθᾰρεόμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρέεσθε | κᾰθᾰρέονται | ||||
| optative | κᾰθᾰρεοίμην | κᾰθᾰρέοιο | κᾰθᾰρέοιτο | κᾰθᾰρέοισθον | κᾰθᾰρεοίσθην | κᾰθᾰρεοίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρέοισθε | κᾰθᾰρέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | καθαρθήσομαι | καθαρθήσῃ | καθαρθήσεται | καθαρθήσεσθον | καθαρθήσεσθον | καθαρθησόμεθᾰ | καθαρθήσεσθε | καθαρθήσονται | ||||
| optative | καθαρθησοίμην | καθαρθήσοιο | καθαρθήσοιτο | καθαρθήσοισθον | καθαρθησοίσθην | καθαρθησοίμεθᾰ | καθαρθήσοισθε | καθαρθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθᾰρέειν | κᾰθᾰρέεσθαι | καθαρθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθᾰρέων | κᾰθᾰρεόμενος | καθαρθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | κᾰθᾰρέουσᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεομένη | καθαρθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | κᾰθᾰρέον | κᾰθᾰρεόμενον | καθαρθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: κᾰθᾰρῶ, κᾰθᾰροῦμαι, καθαρθήσομαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθᾰρῶ | κᾰθᾰρεῖς | κᾰθᾰρεῖ | κᾰθᾰρεῖτον | κᾰθᾰρεῖτον | κᾰθᾰροῦμεν | κᾰθᾰρεῖτε | κᾰθᾰροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κᾰθᾰροίην, κᾰθᾰροῖμῐ | κᾰθᾰροίης, κᾰθᾰροῖς | κᾰθᾰροίη, κᾰθᾰροῖ | κᾰθᾰροῖτον, κᾰθᾰροίητον | κᾰθᾰροίτην, κᾰθᾰροιήτην | κᾰθᾰροῖμεν, κᾰθᾰροίημεν | κᾰθᾰροῖτε, κᾰθᾰροίητε | κᾰθᾰροῖεν, κᾰθᾰροίησᾰν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κᾰθᾰροῦμαι | κᾰθᾰρῇ | κᾰθᾰρεῖται | κᾰθᾰρεῖσθον | κᾰθᾰρεῖσθον | κᾰθᾰρούμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεῖσθε | κᾰθᾰροῦνται | ||||
| optative | κᾰθᾰροίμην | κᾰθᾰροῖο | κᾰθᾰροῖτο | κᾰθᾰροῖσθον | κᾰθᾰροίσθην | κᾰθᾰροίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰροῖσθε | κᾰθᾰροῖντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | καθαρθήσομαι | καθαρθήσῃ | καθαρθήσεται | καθαρθήσεσθον | καθαρθήσεσθον | καθαρθησόμεθᾰ | καθαρθήσεσθε | καθαρθήσονται | ||||
| optative | καθαρθησοίμην | καθαρθήσοιο | καθαρθήσοιτο | καθαρθήσοισθον | καθαρθησοίσθην | καθαρθησοίμεθᾰ | καθαρθήσοισθε | καθαρθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθᾰρεῖν | κᾰθᾰρεῖσθαι | καθαρθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθᾰρῶν | κᾰθᾰρούμενος | καθαρθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | κᾰθᾰροῦσᾰ | κᾰθᾰρουμένη | καθαρθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | κᾰθᾰροῦν | κᾰθᾰρούμενον | καθαρθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐκάθηρᾰ, ἐκαθηρᾰ́μην, ἐκαθάρθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκάθηρᾰ | ἐκάθηρᾰς | ἐκάθηρε(ν) | ἐκαθήρᾰτον | ἐκαθηρᾰ́την | ἐκαθήρᾰμεν | ἐκαθήρᾰτε | ἐκάθηρᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | καθήρω | καθήρῃς | καθήρῃ | καθήρητον | καθήρητον | καθήρωμεν | καθήρητε | καθήρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | καθήραιμῐ | καθήρειᾰς, καθήραις | καθήρειε(ν), καθήραι | καθήραιτον | καθηραίτην | καθήραιμεν | καθήραιτε | καθήρειᾰν, καθήραιεν | |||||
| imperative | κάθηρον | καθηρᾰ́τω | καθήρᾰτον | καθηρᾰ́των | καθήρᾰτε | καθηρᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐκαθηρᾰ́μην | ἐκαθήρω | ἐκαθήρᾰτο | ἐκαθήρᾰσθον | ἐκαθηρᾰ́σθην | ἐκαθηρᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκαθήρᾰσθε | ἐκαθήρᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | καθήρωμαι | καθήρῃ | καθήρηται | καθήρησθον | καθήρησθον | καθηρώμεθᾰ | καθήρησθε | καθήρωνται | |||||
| optative | καθηραίμην | καθήραιο | καθήραιτο | καθήραισθον | καθηραίσθην | καθηραίμεθᾰ | καθήραισθε | καθήραιντο | |||||
| imperative | κάθηραι | καθηρᾰ́σθω | καθήρᾰσθον | καθηρᾰ́σθων | καθήρᾰσθε | καθηρᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐκαθάρθην | ἐκαθάρθης | ἐκαθάρθη | ἐκαθάρθητον | ἐκαθαρθήτην | ἐκαθάρθημεν | ἐκαθάρθητε | ἐκαθάρθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | καθαρθῶ | καθαρθῇς | καθαρθῇ | καθαρθῆτον | καθαρθῆτον | καθαρθῶμεν | καθαρθῆτε | καθαρθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | καθαρθείην | καθαρθείης | καθαρθείη | καθαρθεῖτον, καθαρθείητον | καθαρθείτην, καθαρθειήτην | καθαρθεῖμεν, καθαρθείημεν | καθαρθεῖτε, καθαρθείητε | καθαρθεῖεν, καθαρθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | καθάρθητῐ | καθαρθήτω | καθάρθητον | καθαρθήτων | καθάρθητε | καθαρθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | καθῆραι | καθήρᾰσθαι | καθαρθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | καθήρᾱς | καθηρᾰ́μενος | καθαρθείς | |||||||||
| f | καθήρᾱσᾰ | καθηρᾰμένη | καθαρθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | καθῆρᾰν | καθηρᾰ́μενον | καθαρθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: κεκάθαρκᾰ, κεκάθαρμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κεκάθαρκᾰ | κεκάθαρκᾰς | κεκάθαρκε(ν) | κεκαθάρκᾰτον | κεκαθάρκᾰτον | κεκαθάρκᾰμεν | κεκαθάρκᾰτε | κεκαθάρκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκαθάρκω | κεκαθάρκῃς | κεκαθάρκῃ | κεκαθάρκητον | κεκαθάρκητον | κεκαθάρκωμεν | κεκαθάρκητε | κεκαθάρκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκαθάρκοιμῐ, κεκαθαρκοίην | κεκαθάρκοις, κεκαθαρκοίης | κεκαθάρκοι, κεκαθαρκοίη | κεκαθάρκοιτον | κεκαθαρκοίτην | κεκαθάρκοιμεν | κεκαθάρκοιτε | κεκαθάρκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κεκάθαρκε | κεκαθαρκέτω | κεκαθάρκετον | κεκαθαρκέτων | κεκαθάρκετε | κεκαθαρκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | κεκάθαρμαι | κεκάθαρσαι | κεκάθαρται | κεκάθαρθον | κεκάθαρθον | κεκαθάρμεθᾰ | κεκάθαρθε | κεκαθάρᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | κεκαθαρμένος ὦ | κεκαθαρμένος ᾖς | κεκαθαρμένος ᾖ | κεκαθαρμένω ἦτον | κεκαθαρμένω ἦτον | κεκαθαρμένοι ὦμεν | κεκαθαρμένοι ἦτε | κεκαθαρμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κεκαθαρμένος εἴην | κεκαθαρμένος εἴης | κεκαθαρμένος εἴη | κεκαθαρμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκαθαρμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκαθαρμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκαθαρμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκαθαρμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κεκάθαρσο | κεκαθάρθω | κεκάθαρθον | κεκαθάρθων | κεκάθαρθε | κεκαθάρθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κεκαθαρκέναι | κεκαθᾶρθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κεκαθαρκώς | κεκαθαρμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κεκαθαρκυῖᾰ | κεκαθαρμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κεκαθαρκός | κεκαθαρμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀνακαθαίρω (anakathaírō)
- καθάρσιος (kathársios)
- κάθαρσις (kátharsis)
- καθαρτέον (kathartéon)
- καθαρτέος (kathartéos)
- καθαρτήρ (kathartḗr)
- καθαρτήριος (kathartḗrios)
- καθαρτικός (kathartikós)
- καθάρτρια (kathártria)
- καθαρώδης (katharṓdēs)
- συγκαθαίρω (sunkathaírō)
References
- καθαίρω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- καθαίρω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καθαίρω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καθαίρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- καθαίρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2508 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979