κέραμος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Has long been compared to κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”), but could also be related to Latin cremō, Proto-West Germanic *herþ (English hearth), or Sanskrit कूडयति (kūḍayati, “to burn, scorch”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek or Anatolian origin.
Related is κερᾰμεύς (kerameús, “potter”), which has a cognate in Mycenaean Greek 𐀐𐀨𐀕𐀄 (ke-ra-me-u /kerameus/) of the same meaning.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ké.ra.mos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈke.ra.mos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈce.ra.mos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈce.ra.mos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈce.ra.mos/
Noun
κέρᾰμος • (kéramos) m (genitive κερᾰ́μου); second declension
- potter's clay
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 60D
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 384B.19
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 380B.8
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 383A.21
- earthen vessel, pottery, wine-jar
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.469
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.96
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 902
- 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Girl from Samos 75
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.6
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.88
- 375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis, The Fugitive 1.3
- tile
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1295
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1127
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.4
- 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Collected Works 130.6
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 3.44
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 8.26
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 9.824
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ κέρᾰμος; τοῦ κερᾰ́μου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κέρᾰμος ho kéramos | τὼ κερᾰ́μω tṑ kerámō | οἱ κέρᾰμοι hoi kéramoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κερᾰ́μου toû kerámou | τοῖν κερᾰ́μοιν toîn kerámoin | τῶν κερᾰ́μων tôn kerámōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κερᾰ́μῳ tôi kerámōi | τοῖν κερᾰ́μοιν toîn kerámoin | τοῖς κερᾰ́μοις toîs kerámois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κέρᾰμον tòn kéramon | τὼ κερᾰ́μω tṑ kerámō | τοὺς κερᾰ́μους toùs kerámous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κέρᾰμε kérame | κερᾰ́μω kerámō | κέρᾰμοι kéramoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- κερᾰμῐκός (keramikós)
- κεράμῐνος (keráminos)
- κεραμεύς (kerameús)
- κερᾰμῐ́ς (keramís)
Further reading
- “κέραμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κέραμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κέραμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κέραμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κέραμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2766 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- κέραμος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- clay idem, page 136.
- crockery idem, page 185.
- pot idem, page 629.
- potter idem, page 629.
- pottery idem, page 629.
- roof idem, page 721.
- slate idem, page 782.
- tile idem, page 874.
- tiling idem, page 874.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN