κέδρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Perhaps a Mediterranean Pre-Greek borrowing, maybe the same word as Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “resin, tar”) and related to Akkadian 𒌑𒆐𒊏𒀀𒉡 (U₂qat₆-ra-a-nu /qatrānu/, “cedar resin”), particularly considering the region to which the genus Cedrus is native. Compare also قَطَر (qaṭar, “Qatar”) and its root related to the dribbling of resins, secretions, and other aromatic resinous woods like agarwood. Note also Old Armenian ցիրդ (cʿird).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ké.dros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈke.dros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈce.ðros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈce.ðros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈce.ðros/
Noun
κέδρος • (kédros) f (genitive κέδρου); second declension
- cedar (tree of genus Cedrus or Juniperus)
- anything made of cedar-wood
- cedar-oil
Inflection
Second declension of ἡ κέδρος; τῆς κέδρου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ κέδρος hē kédros | τὼ κέδρω tṑ kédrō | αἱ κέδροι hai kédroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς κέδρου tês kédrou | τοῖν κέδροιν toîn kédroin | τῶν κέδρων tôn kédrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ κέδρῳ têi kédrōi | τοῖν κέδροιν toîn kédroin | ταῖς κέδροις taîs kédrois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν κέδρον tḕn kédron | τὼ κέδρω tṑ kédrō | τᾱ̀ς κέδρους tā̀s kédrous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κέδρε kédre | κέδρω kédrō | κέδροι kédroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- κεδρέλαιον (kedrélaion)
- κεδρελάτη (kedrelátē)
- κεδρία (kedría)
- κέδρινος (kédrinos)
- κεδρίον (kedríon)
- κεδρίς (kedrís)
- κεδρίτης (kedrítēs)
- κεδρόμηλον (kedrómēlon)
- κέδρον (kédron)
- κεδροπαγής (kedropagḗs)
- κεδροχαρής (kedrokharḗs)
- κεδρόω (kedróō)
- κέδρωστις (kédrōstis)
- κεδρωτός (kedrōtós)
- ὀξύκεδρος (oxúkedros)
Descendants
- Greek: κέδρος (kédros)
- → Latin: cedrus (see there for further descendants)
- →? Latin: citrus (possibly, via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)
Further reading
- “κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κέδρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κέδρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κέδρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- cedar idem, page 120.
- coffin idem, page 141.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Blažek, Václav (2014), “Etymologizing ‘unetymologizable’ Greek dendronyms”, in Graeco-Latina Brunensia, volume 19, issue 1, page 44
- Lewy, Heinrich (1895) Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (in German), Berlin: R. Gaertner’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 34