κάροινον
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain etymology; Grimme assumes a loan from Semitic, suggesting comparison to Akkadian 𒆪𒊒𒌦𒉡 (ku-ru-un-nu /kurunnu/, “alcoholic beverage, a choice kind of beer or wine, possibly made with sesame”) via Hittite. This was considered doubtful by Beekes without giving argument, perhaps from the lack of evidence of a definitive Hittite transmission. For possible further foreign connections compare Egyptian kꜣm especially its earlier forms, its Semitic counterparts, and the Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”). Alternatively perhaps from or related to καρύϊνος (karúïnos, “made of nuts, to be nut-brown in color”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ká.roi̯.non/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈka.ri.non/
Noun
κᾰ́ροινον • (károinon) n (genitive κᾰροίνου); second declension
- carenum, sweet wine boiled down
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κᾰ́ροινον tò károinon | τὼ κᾰροίνω tṑ karoínō | τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ tà károina | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κᾰροίνου toû karoínou | τοῖν κᾰροίνοιν toîn karoínoin | τῶν κᾰροίνων tôn karoínōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κᾰροίνῳ tôi karoínōi | κᾰροίνοιν karoínoin | τοῖς κᾰροίνοις toîs karoínois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κᾰ́ροινον tò károinon | κᾰροίνω karoínō | τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ tà károina | ||||||||||
Vocative | κᾰ́ροινον károinon | κᾰροίνω karoínō | κᾰ́ροινᾰ károina | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
- → Latin: carēnum
Further reading
- κάροινον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κάροινον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN