θῆλυς
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)-. Cognates include Latin fēmina, fētus, fīlius; Sanskrit धयति (dhayati); Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬎 (daēnu); Old Armenian դիեմ (diem); and Old Church Slavonic доити (doiti).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰɛ̂ː.lys/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰe̝.lys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθi.lys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθi.lys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθi.lis/
Adjective
θῆλῠς • (thêlus) m (feminine θήλειᾰ, neuter θῆλῠ); first/third declension
- female
- θήλεια θεός/θεᾱ́ ― thḗleia theós/theā́ ― goddess (literally, “female god”)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.66.2:
- Καμβύσεα τὸν Κύρου, […] ἄπαιδα τὸ παράπαν ἐόντα ἔρσενος καὶ θήλεος γόνου
- Kambúsea tòn Kúrou, […] ápaida tò parápan eónta érsenos kaì thḗleos gónou
- […] Cambyses son of Cyrus, who […] was altogether childless, without male or female issue.
- Καμβύσεα τὸν Κύρου, […] ἄπαιδα τὸ παράπαν ἐόντα ἔρσενος καὶ θήλεος γόνου
- of or belonging to women, womanly, feminine
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.122:
- ὥς τέ με κουράων ἀμφήλυθε θῆλυς ἀϋτή
- hṓs té me kouráōn amphḗluthe thêlus aütḗ
- There rang in my ears a womanly cry, as of maidens.
- ὥς τέ με κουράων ἀμφήλυθε θῆλυς ἀϋτή
- soft, gentle
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.467:
- μή μ’ ἄμυδις στίβη τε κακὴ καὶ θῆλυς ἐέρση
- mḗ m’ ámudis stíbē te kakḕ kaì thêlus eérsē
- I fear that together the bitter frost and the gentle dew may overcome me.
- μή μ’ ἄμυδις στίβη τε κακὴ καὶ θῆλυς ἐέρση
- tender, delicate
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 928:
- γυνὴ δὲ θῆλυ κἀπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ
- gunḕ dè thêlu kapì dakrúois éphu
- But a woman is by nature delicate and prone to tears.
- γυνὴ δὲ θῆλυ κἀπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ
- female having an internal socket, into which another part fits
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.180
- 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 3.6.3
- (grammar) feminine
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 682
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1458a.10
- (mathematics) even
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 264a
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 288d
- (astrology) negative or feminine sign (one of Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, or Pisces)
Inflection
First and third declension of θῆλῠς; θήλειᾰ; θῆλῠ (Attic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | θῆλῠς thêlus | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Genitive | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλείᾱς thēleíās | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλείαιν thēleíain | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλέων thēléōn | θηλειῶν thēleiôn | θηλέων thēléōn | |||||
| Dative | θήλει thḗlei | θηλείᾳ thēleíāi | θήλει thḗlei | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλείαιν thēleíain | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thḗlesi(n) | θηλείαις thēleíais | θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thḗlesi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | θῆλῠν thêlun | θήλειᾰν thḗleian | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θηλείᾱς thēleíās | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Vocative | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θηλέως thēléōs | θηλῠ́τερος thēlúteros | θηλῠ́τᾰτος thēlútatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
First and third declension of θῆλῠς; θήλειᾰ; θῆλῠ (Ionic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | θῆλῠς thêlus | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Genitive | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλείης thēleíēs | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλείαιν thēleíain | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλέων thēléōn | θηλειέων / θηλειῶν thēleiéōn / thēleiôn | θηλέων thēléōn | |||||
| Dative | θήλει thḗlei | θηλείῃ thēleíēi | θήλει thḗlei | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θηλείαιν thēleíain | θηλέοιν thēléoin | θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thḗlesi(n) | θηλείῃσῐ / θηλείῃσῐν thēleíēisi(n) | θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thḗlesi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | θῆλῠν thêlun | θήλειᾰν thḗleian | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θηλείᾱς thēleíās | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Vocative | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεις thḗleis | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θηλέως thēléōs | θηλῠ́τερος thēlúteros | θηλῠ́τᾰτος thēlútatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
First and third declension of θῆλῠς; θήλειᾰ; θῆλῠ (Epic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | θῆλῠς thêlus | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεες thḗlees | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Genitive | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλείης thēleíēs | θήλεος thḗleos | θηλέοιῐν thēléoiin | θηλείαιν / θηλείαιῐν / θηλείῃῐν thēleíai(i)n / thēleíēiin | θηλέοιῐν thēléoiin | θηλέων thēléōn | θηλειᾱ́ων / θηλειέ͜ων / θηλειῶν thēleiā́ōn / thēleié͜ōn / thēleiôn | θηλέων thēléōn | |||||
| Dative | θήλει thḗlei | θηλείῃ thēleíēi | θήλει thḗlei | θηλέοιῐν thēléoiin | θηλείαιν / θηλείαιῐν / θηλείῃῐν thēleíai(i)n / thēleíēiin | θηλέοιῐν thēléoiin | θηλέεσσῐ / θηλέεσσῐν / θηλέεσῐ / θηλέεσῐν / θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thēléessi(n) / thēléesi(n) / thḗlesi(n) | θηλείῃσῐ / θηλείῃσῐν / θηλείῃς / θηλείαις thēleíēisi(n) / thēleíēis / thēleíais | θηλέεσσῐ / θηλέεσσῐν / θηλέεσῐ / θηλέεσῐν / θήλεσῐ / θήλεσῐν thēléessi(n) / thēléesi(n) / thḗlesi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | θῆλῠν thêlun | θήλειᾰν thḗleian | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεᾰς thḗleas | θηλείᾱς thēleíās | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Vocative | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλειᾰ thḗleia | θῆλῠ thêlu | θήλεε thḗlee | θηλείᾱ thēleíā | θήλεε thḗlee | θήλεες thḗlees | θήλειαι thḗleiai | θήλη / θήλεᾰ thḗlē / thḗlea | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θηλέως thēléōs | θηλῠ́τερος thēlúteros | θηλῠ́τᾰτος thēlútatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
This is one of the two non-compounded adjectives in -ύς, -εῖα, -ύ, along with ἥμισυς (hḗmisus), that have a recessive accent. See also ἐλαχύς (elakhús), λιγύς (ligús).
Antonyms
- ἄρσην (ársēn)
Derived terms
- ἄθηλυς (áthēlus)
- ἀνδρόθηλυς (andróthēlus)
- ἀρσενόθηλυς (arsenóthēlus)
- ἡμίθηλυς (hēmíthēlus)
- θηλυγενής (thēlugenḗs)
- θηλύγλωσσος (thēlúglōssos)
- θηλυγονέω (thēlugonéō)
- θηλυγονία (thēlugonía)
- θηλυγόνος (thēlugónos)
- θηλυδρίας (thēludrías)
- θηλυδριώδης (thēludriṓdēs)
- θηλυδριῶτις (thēludriôtis)
- θηλυκός (thēlukós)
- θηλυκράνεια (thēlukráneia)
- θηλυκρατής (thēlukratḗs)
- θηλυκτόνος (thēluktónos)
- θηλυκώδης (thēlukṓdēs)
- θηλύλαλος (thēlúlalos)
- θηλυμανέω (thēlumanéō)
- θηλυμανής (thēlumanḗs)
- θηλυμελής (thēlumelḗs)
- θηλυμίτρης (thēlumítrēs)
- θηλύμορφος (thēlúmorphos)
- θηλύνοος (thēlúnoos)
- θηλύνω (thēlúnō)
- θηλύπαθεω (thēlúpatheō)
- θηλύπαις (thēlúpais)
- θηλυποιός (thēlupoiós)
- θηλύπους (thēlúpous)
- θηλυπρεπής (thēluprepḗs)
- θηλύπρινος (thēlúprinos)
- θηλυπρόσωπος (thēluprósōpos)
- θηλυπτερίς (thēlupterís)
- θηλύσπορος (thēlúsporos)
- θηλυστολέω (thēlustoléō)
- θηλυστολία (thēlustolía)
- θηλύστολος (thēlústolos)
- θηλύτεκνος (thēlúteknos)
- θηλύτης (thēlútēs)
- θηλυτοκέω (thēlutokéō)
- θηλυτοκία (thēlutokía)
- θηλύτοκος (thēlútokos)
- θηλύτροπος (thēlútropos)
- θηλυφανής (thēluphanḗs)
- θηλυφθόριον (thēluphthórion)
- θηλυφόνον (thēluphónon)
- θηλυφόνος (thēluphónos)
- θηλύφρων (thēlúphrōn)
- θηλύφωνος (thēlúphōnos)
- θηλύχειρ (thēlúkheir)
- θηλυχίτων (thēlukhítōn)
- θηλυχοίρα (thēlukhoíra)
- θηλύψυχος (thēlúpsukhos)
- μιξόθηλυς (mixóthēlus)
- Πάνθηλυς (Pánthēlus)
- ὑπόθηλυς (hupóthēlus)
- φιλόθηλυς (philóthēlus)
See also
Negative sign on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- “θῆλυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θῆλυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θῆλυς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θῆλυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- θῆλυς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “θῆλυς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2338 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- female idem, page 315.
- feminine idem, page 315.
- sex idem, page 759.
- tender idem, page 861.