θαρραλέος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- θᾰρσᾰλέος (tharsaléos) – Old Attic, Epic
Etymology
From θάρρος (thárrhos, “courage”) (Late Attic). Also θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) from θάρσος (thársos) (Ionic and Ancient Attic).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰar̥.r̥a.lé.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰar.raˈle.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
Adjective
θᾰρρᾰλέος • (tharrhaléos) m (feminine θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ, neuter θᾰρρᾰλέον); first/second declension
- daring, courageous
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.5.16:
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- phaneròn ek toútōn kaì tò tharrheîn tí esti, kaì perì poîa tharrhaléoi eisì kaì pôs diakeímenoi tharrhaléoi eisín: tó te gàr thársos tò enantíon tôi phóbōi, kaì tò tharrhaléon tôi phoberôi
- so, from these, it is also clear what courage is, and about which things they are courageous, and what the psychology of the courageous is; for courage is opposite of fear and that which causes courage is opposite of that which causes fear
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- (negative) overbold, audacious
Inflection
First and second declension of θᾰρρᾰλέος; θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ; θᾰρρᾰλέον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | θᾰρρᾰλέος tharrhaléos | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā | θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi | θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai | θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Genitive | θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās | θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou | θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin | θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain | θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin | θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn | θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn | θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn | |||||
Dative | θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi | θᾰρρᾰλέᾳ tharrhaléāi | θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi | θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin | θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain | θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin | θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois | θᾰρρᾰλέαις tharrhaléais | θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois | |||||
Accusative | θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱν tharrhaléān | θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέους tharrhaléous | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās | θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Vocative | θᾰρρᾰλέε tharrhalée | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā | θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā | θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō | θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi | θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai | θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
θᾰρρᾰλέως tharrhaléōs | θᾰρρᾰλεώτερος tharrhaleṓteros | θᾰρρᾰλεώτᾰτος tharrhaleṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) (alternative)
- θάρσυνος (thársunos)
- θαρσύς (tharsús), θρασύς (thrasús)
- ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós)
Derived terms
- (adverb): θᾰρραλέως (tharrhaléōs), θᾰρσαλέως (tharsaléōs)
- θαρραλέον (tharrhaléon)
Related terms
- θάρσος (thársos), θάρρος (thárrhos)
- θαρσέω (tharséō), θαρρέω (tharrhéō)
Descendants
- Greek: θαρραλέος (tharraléos)
References
- Hofmann, J. B. (1949), “θάρσος”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg
Further reading
- “θαρραλέος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (1964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θαρραλέος (tharrhaléos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
- Hyphenation: θαρ‧ρα‧λέ‧ος
- Rhymes: -eos
Adjective
θαρραλέος • (tharraléos) m (feminine θαρραλέα, neuter θαρραλέο)
- courageous, brave
- μία θαρραλέα πράξη ― mía tharraléa práxi ― a courageous deed
- ένας θαρραλέος πολεμιστής ― énas tharraléos polemistís ― a brave warrior
Declension
Declension of θαρραλέος
number case \\ gender | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | θαρραλέος • | θαρραλέα • | θαρραλέο • | θαρραλέοι • | θαρραλέες • | θαρραλέα • |
genitive | θαρραλέου • | θαρραλέας • | θαρραλέου • | θαρραλέων • | θαρραλέων • | θαρραλέων • |
accusative | θαρραλέο • | θαρραλέα • | θαρραλέο • | θαρραλέους • | θαρραλέες • | θαρραλέα • |
vocative | θαρραλέε • | θαρραλέα • | θαρραλέο • | θαρραλέοι • | θαρραλέες • | θαρραλέα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θαρραλέος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θαρραλέος, etc.) |
Synonyms
- θαρρετός (tharretós)
- τολμηρός (tolmirós)
- ανδρείος (andreíos, “brave”)
- γενναίος (gennaíos, “brave”)
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós, “coward”)
Derived terms
- θαρραλέα (tharraléa, adverb)
Related terms
- θαρρετός (tharretós)
References
- θαρραλέος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.