δυσθυμία
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From δῠ́σθῡμος (dústhūmos, “despondent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /dys.tʰyː.mí.aː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /dys.tʰyˈmi.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ðys.θyˈmi.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ðys.θyˈmi.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ðis.θiˈmi.a/
Noun
δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (dusthūmíā) f (genitive δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
- despondency, despair
- Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 12
- Sophocles, Fragments 584
- Euripides, The Suppliants 696
- Euripides, Medea 691
- Aristotle, Problems 30.1.26
Inflection
First declension of ἡ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ; τῆς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ hē dusthūmíā | τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ dusthūmíā | αἱ δῠσθῡμῐ́αι hai dusthūmíai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς tês dusthūmíās | τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν toîn dusthūmíain | τῶν δῠσθῡμῐῶν tôn dusthūmiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾳ têi dusthūmíāi | τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν toîn dusthūmíain | ταῖς δῠσθῡμῐ́αις taîs dusthūmíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱν tḕn dusthūmíān | τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ dusthūmíā | τᾱ̀ς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς tā̀s dusthūmíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ dusthūmíā | δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ dusthūmíā | δῠσθῡμῐ́αι dusthūmíai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
- εὐθυμία f (euthumía, “cheerfulness”)
Descendants
- → English: dysthymia
- Greek: δυσθυμία (dysthymía)
References
- “δυσθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δυσθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- δυσθυμία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- δυσθυμία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- δυσθυμία in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- dejection idem, page 207.
- depression idem, page 213.
- despair idem, page 216.
- despondency idem, page 217.
- discouragement idem, page 231.
- gloom idem, page 362.
- heaviness idem, page 393.
- hopelessness idem, page 406.
- joylessness idem, page 465.
- low spirits idem, page 502.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- misery idem, page 534.
- mournfulness idem, page 544.
- oppression idem, page 577.
- sadness idem, page 730.
- sorrowfulness idem, page 795.
- tearfulness idem, page 859.
- unhappiness idem, page 920.
- woefulness idem, page 986.
- wretchedness idem, page 993.
Greek
Etymology
From the Ancient Greek δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dusthūmíā, “despondency”, “despair”), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”, “hard”, “unfortunate”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “temper”, “disposition”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ðis.θiˈmi.a/
- Hyphenation: δυ‧σθυ‧μί‧α
- Old Hyphenation: δυσ‧θυ‧μί‧α
Noun
δυσθυμία • (dysthymía) f (plural δυσθυμίες)
- dysthymia (tendency to be depressed)
Declension
declension of δυσθυμία
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | δυσθυμία • | δυσθυμίες • |
genitive | δυσθυμίας • | δυσθυμιών • |
accusative | δυσθυμία • | δυσθυμίες • |
vocative | δυσθυμία • | δυσθυμίες • |
Synonyms
- ακεφιά f (akefiá, “low spirits”)
Antonyms
- ευθυμία f (efthymía, “cheerfulness”)
- κέφι n (kéfi, “high spirits”)
Related terms
- ευθυμώ (efthymó, “I am happy”) and derivatives
- δύσθυμος (dýsthymos, “moody”)
- and see: θυμός m (thymós, “anger”)