διαίρω

διαίρω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• δῐαείρω (diaeírō)
  • Orác. en Porph., Fr. 314.28

Etymology

δῐᾰ- (dia-) +‎ αἴρω (aírō)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /di.ǎi̯.rɔː/ → /ðiˈɛ.ro/ → /ðiˈe.ro/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /di.ǎi̯.rɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /diˈɛ.ro/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ðiˈɛ.ro/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ðiˈe.ro/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ðiˈe.ro/

Verb

δῐαίρω • (diaírō)

1. raise up, lift up; metaphorically exaggerate
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 10..3:

     δ. ἄνω τὸν αὐχένα

     d. ánō tòn aukhéna

   • 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.575:

     τὰ πράγματα

     tà prágmata

   1. (middle) rise, become prominent; lift up oneself; with an accusative lift up what is one’s own
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Gland. 16, (of the breasts)
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Universe 391a.3:

        πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὅλων θέαν

        pròs tḕn tôn hólōn théan

      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lys. 15:

        δ. τὴν βακτηρίαν

        d. tḕn baktērían

      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Toxaris or Friendship 40:

        τοὺς ἄκοντας

        toùs ákontas

      • 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Plato, Axiochus 370b, (dubia lectio):

        τόσον δ.

        tóson d.

        take so much on oneself

   2. passive
      • 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.510.619:

        δ. πρός, εἰς ὕψος

        d. prós, eis húpsos

      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.116e, (metaphorical):

        πρὸς ἀλαζονείαν

        pròs alazoneían

2. separate, remove
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Agesilaus 15:

     τὸν πόλεμον ἀπό…

     tòn pólemon apó…

   1. middle
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 3.6:

        διαράμενος (scilicet τοὺς πόδας)

        diarámenos (scilicet toùs pódas)

        with long strides

      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 19.112.207:

        δ. τὸ στόμα

        d. tò stóma

        open one’s mouth

   2. (by extension, rhetoric, διηρμένος) lofty, sublime
      • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Art of Rhetoric 6.6
      • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Vett.Cens. 5.3
      • 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 2.2
      • 161 CE – 180 CE, Hermogenes, On Types of Style 2.9
      • 161 CE – 180 CE, Hermogenes, On Types of Style 1.1:

        λέξις

        léxis

      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, How to Write History 45:

        ποιητική

        poiētikḗ

3. (intransitive, scilicet ἑαυτόν, etc.) lift oneself over, cross
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 344, (of swans):

     τὸ πέλαγος

     tò pélagos

   • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.37.1:

     τὸν πόρον

     tòn póron

   • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 24.5:

     εἰς Σαρδόνα

     eis Sardóna

   • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.35:

     τὴν ἀκτήν

     tḕn aktḗn

Inflection

   Present: δῐαίρω, δῐαίρομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐαίρω	δῐαίρεις	δῐαίρει	δῐαίρετον	δῐαίρετον	δῐαίρομεν	δῐαίρετε	δῐαίρουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δῐαίρω	δῐαίρῃς	δῐαίρῃ	δῐαίρητον	δῐαίρητον	δῐαίρωμεν	δῐαίρητε	δῐαίρωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐαίροιμῐ	δῐαίροις	δῐαίροι	δῐαίροιτον	δῐαιροίτην	δῐαίροιμεν	δῐαίροιτε	δῐαίροιεν
	imperative		δῐ́αιρε	δῐαιρέτω	δῐαίρετον	δῐαιρέτων		δῐαίρετε	δῐαιρόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐαίρομαι	δῐαίρῃ, δῐαίρει	δῐαίρεται	δῐαίρεσθον	δῐαίρεσθον	δῐαιρόμεθᾰ	δῐαίρεσθε	δῐαίρονται
	subjunctive	δῐαίρωμαι	δῐαίρῃ	δῐαίρηται	δῐαίρησθον	δῐαίρησθον	δῐαιρώμεθᾰ	δῐαίρησθε	δῐαίρωνται
	optative	δῐαιροίμην	δῐαίροιο	δῐαίροιτο	δῐαίροισθον	δῐαιροίσθην	δῐαιροίμεθᾰ	δῐαίροισθε	δῐαίροιντο
	imperative		δῐαίρου	δῐαιρέσθω	δῐαίρεσθον	δῐαιρέσθων		δῐαίρεσθε	δῐαιρέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δῐαίρειν				δῐαίρεσθαι
participle	m	δῐαίρων				δῐαιρόμενος
	f	δῐαίρουσᾰ				δῐαιρομένη
	n	δῐαῖρον				δῐαιρόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: δῐῇρον, δῐῃρόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐῇρον	δῐῇρες	δῐῇρε(ν)	δῐῄρετον	δῐῃρέτην	δῐῄρομεν	δῐῄρετε	δῐῇρον
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐῃρόμην	δῐῄρου	δῐῄρετο	δῐῄρεσθον	δῐῃρέσθην	δῐῃρόμεθᾰ	δῐῄρεσθε	δῐῄροντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: δῐᾰρέω, δῐᾰρέομαι, δῐᾰρθήσομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐᾰρέω	δῐᾰρέεις	δῐᾰρέει	δῐᾰρέετον	δῐᾰρέετον	δῐᾰρέομεν	δῐᾰρέετε	δῐᾰρέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐᾰρέοιμῐ	δῐᾰρέοις	δῐᾰρέοι	δῐᾰρέοιτον	δῐᾰρεοίτην	δῐᾰρέοιμεν	δῐᾰρέοιτε	δῐᾰρέοιεν
middle	indicative	δῐᾰρέομαι	δῐᾰρέῃ, δῐᾰρέει	δῐᾰρέεται	δῐᾰρέεσθον	δῐᾰρέεσθον	δῐᾰρεόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρέεσθε	δῐᾰρέονται
	optative	δῐᾰρεοίμην	δῐᾰρέοιο	δῐᾰρέοιτο	δῐᾰρέοισθον	δῐᾰρεοίσθην	δῐᾰρεοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρέοισθε	δῐᾰρέοιντο
passive	indicative	δῐᾰρθήσομαι	δῐᾰρθήσῃ	δῐᾰρθήσεται	δῐᾰρθήσεσθον	δῐᾰρθήσεσθον	δῐᾰρθησόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρθήσεσθε	δῐᾰρθήσονται
	optative	δῐᾰρθησοίμην	δῐᾰρθήσοιο	δῐᾰρθήσοιτο	δῐᾰρθήσοισθον	δῐᾰρθησοίσθην	δῐᾰρθησοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρθήσοισθε	δῐᾰρθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δῐᾰρέειν			δῐᾰρέεσθαι		δῐᾰρθήσεσθαι
participle	m	δῐᾰρέων			δῐᾰρεόμενος		δῐᾰρθησόμενος
	f	δῐᾰρέουσᾰ			δῐᾰρεομένη		δῐᾰρθησομένη
	n	δῐᾰρέον			δῐᾰρεόμενον		δῐᾰρθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: δῐᾰρῶ, δῐᾰροῦμαι, δῐᾰρθήσομαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐᾰρῶ	δῐᾰρεῖς	δῐᾰρεῖ	δῐᾰρεῖτον	δῐᾰρεῖτον	δῐᾰροῦμεν	δῐᾰρεῖτε	δῐᾰροῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐᾰροίην, δῐᾰροῖμῐ	δῐᾰροίης, δῐᾰροῖς	δῐᾰροίη, δῐᾰροῖ	δῐᾰροῖτον, δῐᾰροίητον	δῐᾰροίτην, δῐᾰροιήτην	δῐᾰροῖμεν, δῐᾰροίημεν	δῐᾰροῖτε, δῐᾰροίητε	δῐᾰροῖεν, δῐᾰροίησᾰν
middle	indicative	δῐᾰροῦμαι	δῐᾰρῇ	δῐᾰρεῖται	δῐᾰρεῖσθον	δῐᾰρεῖσθον	δῐᾰρούμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρεῖσθε	δῐᾰροῦνται
	optative	δῐᾰροίμην	δῐᾰροῖο	δῐᾰροῖτο	δῐᾰροῖσθον	δῐᾰροίσθην	δῐᾰροίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰροῖσθε	δῐᾰροῖντο
passive	indicative	δῐᾰρθήσομαι	δῐᾰρθήσῃ	δῐᾰρθήσεται	δῐᾰρθήσεσθον	δῐᾰρθήσεσθον	δῐᾰρθησόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρθήσεσθε	δῐᾰρθήσονται
	optative	δῐᾰρθησοίμην	δῐᾰρθήσοιο	δῐᾰρθήσοιτο	δῐᾰρθήσοισθον	δῐᾰρθησοίσθην	δῐᾰρθησοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰρθήσοισθε	δῐᾰρθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δῐᾰρεῖν			δῐᾰρεῖσθαι		δῐᾰρθήσεσθαι
participle	m	δῐᾰρῶν			δῐᾰρούμενος		δῐᾰρθησόμενος
	f	δῐᾰροῦσᾰ			δῐᾰρουμένη		δῐᾰρθησομένη
	n	δῐᾰροῦν			δῐᾰρούμενον		δῐᾰρθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: δῐῆρᾰ, δῐηρᾰ́μην, δῐήρθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐῆρᾰ	δῐῆρᾰς	δῐῆρε(ν)	δῐήρᾰτον	δῐηρᾰ́την	δῐήρᾰμεν	δῐήρᾰτε	δῐῆρᾰν
	subjunctive	δῐᾰ́ρω	δῐᾰ́ρῃς	δῐᾰ́ρῃ	δῐᾰ́ρητον	δῐᾰ́ρητον	δῐᾰ́ρωμεν	δῐᾰ́ρητε	δῐᾰ́ρωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐᾰ́ραιμῐ	δῐᾰ́ρειᾰς, δῐᾰ́ραις	δῐᾰ́ρειε(ν), δῐᾰ́ραι	δῐᾰ́ραιτον	δῐᾰραίτην	δῐᾰ́ραιμεν	δῐᾰ́ραιτε	δῐᾰ́ρειᾰν, δῐᾰ́ραιεν
	imperative		δῐ́ᾰρον	δῐᾰρᾰ́τω	δῐᾰ́ρᾰτον	δῐᾰρᾰ́των		δῐᾰ́ρᾰτε	δῐᾰρᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	δῐηρᾰ́μην	δῐήρω	δῐήρᾰτο	δῐήρᾰσθον	δῐηρᾰ́σθην	δῐηρᾰ́μεθᾰ	δῐήρᾰσθε	δῐήρᾰντο
	subjunctive	δῐᾰ́ρωμαι	δῐᾰ́ρῃ	δῐᾰ́ρηται	δῐᾰ́ρησθον	δῐᾰ́ρησθον	δῐᾰρώμεθᾰ	δῐᾰ́ρησθε	δῐᾰ́ρωνται
	optative	δῐᾰραίμην	δῐᾰ́ραιο	δῐᾰ́ραιτο	δῐᾰ́ραισθον	δῐᾰραίσθην	δῐᾰραίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰ́ραισθε	δῐᾰ́ραιντο
	imperative		δῐ́ᾰραι	δῐᾰρᾰ́σθω	δῐᾰ́ρᾰσθον	δῐᾰρᾰ́σθων		δῐᾰ́ρᾰσθε	δῐᾰρᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	δῐήρθην	δῐήρθης	δῐήρθη	δῐήρθητον	δῐηρθήτην	δῐήρθημεν	δῐήρθητε	δῐήρθησᾰν
	subjunctive	δῐᾰρθῶ	δῐᾰρθῇς	δῐᾰρθῇ	δῐᾰρθῆτον	δῐᾰρθῆτον	δῐᾰρθῶμεν	δῐᾰρθῆτε	δῐᾰρθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐᾰρθείην	δῐᾰρθείης	δῐᾰρθείη	δῐᾰρθεῖτον, δῐᾰρθείητον	δῐᾰρθείτην, δῐᾰρθειήτην	δῐᾰρθεῖμεν, δῐᾰρθείημεν	δῐᾰρθεῖτε, δῐᾰρθείητε	δῐᾰρθεῖεν, δῐᾰρθείησᾰν
	imperative		δῐᾰ́ρθητῐ	δῐᾰρθήτω	δῐᾰ́ρθητον	δῐᾰρθήτων		δῐᾰ́ρθητε	δῐᾰρθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δῐᾰ́ραι			δῐᾰ́ρᾰσθαι		δῐᾰρθῆναι
participle	m	δῐᾰ́ρᾱς			δῐᾰρᾰ́μενος		δῐᾰρθείς
	f	δῐᾰ́ρᾱσᾰ			δῐᾰρᾰμένη		δῐᾰρθεῖσᾰ
	n	δῐᾰ́ρᾰν			δῐᾰρᾰ́μενον		δῐᾰρθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: δῐῆρκᾰ, δῐῆρμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐῆρκᾰ	δῐῆρκᾰς	δῐῆρκε(ν)	δῐήρκᾰτον	δῐήρκᾰτον	δῐήρκᾰμεν	δῐήρκᾰτε	δῐήρκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δῐήρκω	δῐήρκῃς	δῐήρκῃ	δῐήρκητον	δῐήρκητον	δῐήρκωμεν	δῐήρκητε	δῐήρκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐήρκοιμῐ, δῐηρκοίην	δῐήρκοις, δῐηρκοίης	δῐήρκοι, δῐηρκοίη	δῐήρκοιτον	δῐηρκοίτην	δῐήρκοιμεν	δῐήρκοιτε	δῐήρκοιεν
	imperative		δῐῆρκε	δῐηρκέτω	δῐήρκετον	δῐηρκέτων		δῐήρκετε	δῐηρκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐῆρμαι	δῐῆρσαι	δῐῆρται	δῐῆρθον	δῐῆρθον	δῐήρμεθᾰ	δῐῆρθε	δῐήρᾰται
	subjunctive	δῐηρμένος ὦ	δῐηρμένος ᾖς	δῐηρμένος ᾖ	δῐηρμένω ἦτον	δῐηρμένω ἦτον	δῐηρμένοι ὦμεν	δῐηρμένοι ἦτε	δῐηρμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐηρμένος εἴην	δῐηρμένος εἴης	δῐηρμένος εἴη	δῐηρμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	δῐηρμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	δῐηρμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	δῐηρμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	δῐηρμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		δῐῆρσο	δῐήρθω	δῐῆρθον	δῐήρθων		δῐῆρθε	δῐήρθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δῐηρκέναι				δῐῆρθαι
participle	m	δῐηρκώς				δῐηρμένος
	f	δῐηρκυῖᾰ				δῐηρμένη
	n	δῐηρκός				δῐηρμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “διαίρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “διαίρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• διαίρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• διαίρω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)