διαίρεσις
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 13 December 2014
Etymology
From διαιρέω (diairéō, “take apart, cleave, divide”) + -σις (-sis), from διά- (diá-, “apart”) + αἱρέω (hairéō, “take, grasp”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /di.ǎi̯.re.sis/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /diˈɛ.re.sis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ðiˈɛ.re.sis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ðiˈe.re.sis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ðiˈe.re.sis/
Noun
δῐαίρεσῐς • (diaíresis) f (genitive δῐαιρέσεως); third declension
- divisibility
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1016b.4
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.4.1027b.19
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.4.1027b.30
- (medicine) dissection
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 4.664
- (medicine) venesection
- 320 CE – 400 CE, Oribasius, Collected Works 7.9
- (medicine) surgical operation
- 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Frank Criticism p.56O
- (medicine, in the plural) wounds
- 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library
- division, distribution
- (of money) Herodotus, Histories 7.144
- (of spoils) Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.55
- (of votes) Aeschylus, The Eumenides 749
- distinction
- 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 267b
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1294a.34
- (logic) division into logical genus and species (γένος (génos) and εἶδος (eîdos))
- 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 267d
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.31
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 266b
- (logic) separation of the subject and predicate
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Interpretation 1.16a
- (logic) the fallacy of division
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Sophistical Refutations 33.177a
- (rhetoric) division or distribution of an argument into its component subjects or subtopics (known formerly as "heads")
- Hermogenes of Tarsus, Progymnasmata 7
- Hermogenes of Tarsus, On legal issues 1
- 1 CE – 100 CE, Onasander, Strategikos 2
- (grammar) the resolution of a diphthong into two syllables, diaeresis
- 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 87.2
- An., Bachm. 2.367.3
- (grammar) the resolution of one word into two
- 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 11.492a
- Tryphon, On Tropes 1.8
- (poetry) division of a poetic line when the end of a word and a metrical foot coincide, diaeresis
- 200 CE – 300 CE, Aristides Quintilianus, On Music 1.24
- 200 CE – 300 CE, Aristides Quintilianus, On Music 47.23
- (mathematics) transformation of a dividend yield
- 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 5.1
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Definitions 15
- Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 2.6
- (military) division of troops in the Roman cohors
- 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 7.14.9
- (music) division or separation between sounds, interval
- 400 BCE – 250 BCE, Aristoxenus, Rhyth. 7.18.19
Inflection
Third declension of ἡ δῐαίρεσῐς; τῆς δῐαιρέσεως (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ δῐαίρεσῐς hē diaíresis | τὼ δῐαιρέσει tṑ diairései | αἱ δῐαιρέσεις hai diairéseis | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς δῐαιρέσεως tês diairéseōs | τοῖν δῐαιρεσέοιν toîn diaireséoin | τῶν δῐαιρέσεων tôn diairéseōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ δῐαιρέσει têi diairései | τοῖν δῐαιρεσέοιν toîn diaireséoin | ταῖς δῐαιρέσεσῐ / δῐαιρέσεσῐν taîs diairésesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν δῐαίρεσῐν tḕn diaíresin | τὼ δῐαιρέσει tṑ diairései | τᾱ̀ς δῐαιρέσεις tā̀s diairéseis | ||||||||||
Vocative | δῐαίρεσῐ diaíresi | δῐαιρέσει diairései | δῐαιρέσεις diairéseis | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Antonyms
- (division): σῠναίρεσῐς (sunaíresis)
- (division into logical genus and species): σῠνᾰγωγή (sunagōgḗ)
- (division of subject and predicate): σῠ́νθεσῐς (súnthesis)
- (fallacy of division): σῠ́νθεσῐς (súnthesis)
- (resolution of a diphthong into two syllables): σῠναίρεσῐς (sunaíresis)
- (interval): δῐᾰ́στημᾰ (diástēma)
Coordinate terms
- (προσῳδίαι ἑλληνικαί) προσῳδία; βαρεῖα ⟨ ` ⟩, βραχεῖα ⟨ ˘ ⟩, δασεῖα ⟨ ῾ ⟩, διαίρεσις ⟨ ¨ ⟩, κορωνίς ⟨ ᾽ ⟩, μακρά ⟨ ¯ ⟩, ὀξεῖα ⟨ ´ ⟩, περισπωμένη ⟨ ῀ ⟩, προσγεγραμμένη ⟨ ι ⟩, ὑπογεγραμμένη ⟨ ͺ ⟩, ψιλή ⟨ ᾿ ⟩ (Category: grc:Diacritical marks)
Descendants
- Latin: diaeresis
- English: diaeresis
- French: diérèse
- Portuguese: diérese
- Spanish: diéresis
Further reading
- “διαίρεσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “διαίρεσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- διαίρεσις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- 1 διαίρεσις in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G1243 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- division idem, page 244.
- partition idem, page 595.
- separation idem, page 754.