γῆ
See also: γη, Γη, Γῆ, and Appendix:Variations of "ge"
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- γᾶ (gâ) – Doric
- ζᾶς (zâs) – Arcadocypriot
Etymology
From a pre-Indo-European Pre-Greek/substrate. The names Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr) and Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn) also Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 (e-ne-si-da-o-ne, “earthshaking (epithet of Poseidon)”) point to an alternate form *δᾶ (*dâ).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡɛ̂ː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡe̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ʝi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ʝi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ʝi/
Noun
γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension
- land, earth
- country
- soil
Declension
First declension of ἡ γῆ; τῆς γῆς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ γῆ hē gê | τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ | αἱ γαῖ / γέαι hai gaî / géai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς γῆς tês gês | τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn | τῶν γῶν / γεῶν tôn gôn / geôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ γῇ têi gêi | τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn | ταῖς γεαῖς taîs geaîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν γῆν tḕn gên | τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ | τᾱ̀ς γᾶς / γέᾱς tā̀s gâs / géās | ||||||||||
Vocative | γῆ gê | γᾶ gâ | γαῖ / γέαι gaî / géai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
First declension of ᾱ̔ γᾶ; τᾶς γᾶς (Laconian)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̔ γᾶ hā gâ | τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ | ταὶ γαῖ taì gaî | ||||||||||
Genitive | τᾶς γᾶς tâs gâs | τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn | τᾶν γᾶν tân gân | ||||||||||
Dative | τᾷ γᾷ tâi gâi | τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn | ταῖς γαῖς taîs gaîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τᾱ̀ν γᾶν tā̀n gân | τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ | τᾱ̀ς γᾶς tā̀s gâs | ||||||||||
Vocative | γᾶ gâ | γᾶ gâ | γαῖ gaî | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- γαῖα (gaîa, “earth”)
- εὔγειος (eúgeios)
- εὔγεως (eúgeōs)
- γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer”)
- Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
- γεωμετρία (geōmetría)
- γεωγραφία (geōgraphía)
Descendants
- Greek: γη (gi)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading
- “γῆ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γῆ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γῆ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γῆ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γῆ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γῆ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G1093 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- asia idem, page 44.
- assume idem, page 47.
- country idem, page 178.
- domain idem, page 246.
- dominion idem, page 247.
- earth idem, page 259.
- field idem, page 317.
- gaea (earth regarded as a goddess) idem, page 351.
- glebe idem, page 361.
- globe idem, page 362.
- ground idem, page 375.
- land idem, page 475.
- messene idem, page 527.
- mould idem, page 543.
- persia idem, page 607.
- simois (river) idem, page 776.
- soil idem, page 791.
- terra firma idem, page 863.
- territory idem, page 863.
- teucri idem, page 863.
- world idem, page 989.
- γῆ - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.