γυμνάζω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From γυμνός (gumnós) + -άζω (-ázō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡym.ná.zɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡymˈna.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ʝimˈna.zo/
Verb
γυμνάζω • (gumnázō)
- (in the middle voice) to train naked
- (generally) to train
Conjugation
Present: γυμνᾰ́ζω, γυμνᾰ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | γυμνᾰ́ζω | γυμνᾰ́ζεις | γυμνᾰ́ζει | γυμνᾰ́ζετον | γυμνᾰ́ζετον | γυμνᾰ́ζομεν | γυμνᾰ́ζετε | γυμνᾰ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | γυμνᾰ́ζω | γυμνᾰ́ζῃς | γυμνᾰ́ζῃ | γυμνᾰ́ζητον | γυμνᾰ́ζητον | γυμνᾰ́ζωμεν | γυμνᾰ́ζητε | γυμνᾰ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γυμνᾰ́ζοιμῐ | γυμνᾰ́ζοις | γυμνᾰ́ζοι | γυμνᾰ́ζοιτον | γυμνᾰζοίτην | γυμνᾰ́ζοιμεν | γυμνᾰ́ζοιτε | γυμνᾰ́ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | γύμνᾰζε | γυμνᾰζέτω | γυμνᾰ́ζετον | γυμνᾰζέτων | γυμνᾰ́ζετε | γυμνᾰζόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | γυμνᾰ́ζομαι | γυμνᾰ́ζῃ, γυμνᾰ́ζει | γυμνᾰ́ζεται | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | γυμνᾰζόμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθε | γυμνᾰ́ζονται | ||||
| subjunctive | γυμνᾰ́ζωμαι | γυμνᾰ́ζῃ | γυμνᾰ́ζηται | γυμνᾰ́ζησθον | γυμνᾰ́ζησθον | γυμνᾰζώμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́ζησθε | γυμνᾰ́ζωνται | |||||
| optative | γυμνᾰζοίμην | γυμνᾰ́ζοιο | γυμνᾰ́ζοιτο | γυμνᾰ́ζοισθον | γυμνᾰζοίσθην | γυμνᾰζοίμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́ζοισθε | γυμνᾰ́ζοιντο | |||||
| imperative | γυμνᾰ́ζου | γυμνᾰζέσθω | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | γυμνᾰζέσθων | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθε | γυμνᾰζέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | γυμνᾰ́ζειν | γυμνᾰ́ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | γυμνᾰ́ζων | γυμνᾰζόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | γυμνᾰ́ζουσᾰ | γυμνᾰζομένη | |||||||||||
| n | γυμνᾰ́ζον | γυμνᾰζόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐγύμνᾰζον, ἐγυμνᾰζόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ἐγύμνᾰζες | ἐγύμνᾰζε(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετον | ἐγυμνᾰζέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζομεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετε | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰζόμην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζου | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετο | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐγυμνᾰζέσθην | ἐγυμνᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: γυμνᾰ́σω, γυμνᾰ́σομαι, γυμνᾰσθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | γυμνᾰ́σω | γυμνᾰ́σεις | γυμνᾰ́σει | γυμνᾰ́σετον | γυμνᾰ́σετον | γυμνᾰ́σομεν | γυμνᾰ́σετε | γυμνᾰ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | γυμνᾰ́σοιμῐ | γυμνᾰ́σοις | γυμνᾰ́σοι | γυμνᾰ́σοιτον | γυμνᾰσοίτην | γυμνᾰ́σοιμεν | γυμνᾰ́σοιτε | γυμνᾰ́σοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | γυμνᾰ́σομαι | γυμνᾰ́σῃ, γυμνᾰ́σει | γυμνᾰ́σεται | γυμνᾰ́σεσθον | γυμνᾰ́σεσθον | γυμνᾰσόμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́σεσθε | γυμνᾰ́σονται | ||||
| optative | γυμνᾰσοίμην | γυμνᾰ́σοιο | γυμνᾰ́σοιτο | γυμνᾰ́σοισθον | γυμνᾰσοίσθην | γυμνᾰσοίμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́σοισθε | γυμνᾰ́σοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | γυμνᾰσθήσομαι | γυμνᾰσθήσῃ | γυμνᾰσθήσεται | γυμνᾰσθήσεσθον | γυμνᾰσθήσεσθον | γυμνᾰσθησόμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰσθήσεσθε | γυμνᾰσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | γυμνᾰσθησοίμην | γυμνᾰσθήσοιο | γυμνᾰσθήσοιτο | γυμνᾰσθήσοισθον | γυμνᾰσθησοίσθην | γυμνᾰσθησοίμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰσθήσοισθε | γυμνᾰσθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | γυμνᾰ́σειν | γυμνᾰ́σεσθαι | γυμνᾰσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | γυμνᾰ́σων | γυμνᾰσόμενος | γυμνᾰσθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | γυμνᾰ́σουσᾰ | γυμνᾰσομένη | γυμνᾰσθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | γυμνᾰ́σον | γυμνᾰσόμενον | γυμνᾰσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐγύμνᾰσᾰ, ἐγυμνᾰσᾰ́μην, ἐγυμνᾰ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐγύμνᾰσᾰ | ἐγύμνᾰσᾰς | ἐγύμνᾰσε(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐγυμνᾰσᾰ́την | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰτε | ἐγύμνᾰσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | γυμνᾰ́σω | γυμνᾰ́σῃς | γυμνᾰ́σῃ | γυμνᾰ́σητον | γυμνᾰ́σητον | γυμνᾰ́σωμεν | γυμνᾰ́σητε | γυμνᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γυμνᾰ́σαιμῐ | γυμνᾰ́σειᾰς, γυμνᾰ́σαις | γυμνᾰ́σειε(ν), γυμνᾰ́σαι | γυμνᾰ́σαιτον | γυμνᾰσαίτην | γυμνᾰ́σαιμεν | γυμνᾰ́σαιτε | γυμνᾰ́σειᾰν, γυμνᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | γύμνᾰσον | γυμνᾰσᾰ́τω | γυμνᾰ́σᾰτον | γυμνᾰσᾰ́των | γυμνᾰ́σᾰτε | γυμνᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰσᾰ́μην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σω | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰτο | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰσθον | ἐγυμνᾰσᾰ́σθην | ἐγυμνᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | γυμνᾰ́σωμαι | γυμνᾰ́σῃ | γυμνᾰ́σηται | γυμνᾰ́σησθον | γυμνᾰ́σησθον | γυμνᾰσώμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́σησθε | γυμνᾰ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | γυμνᾰσαίμην | γυμνᾰ́σαιο | γυμνᾰ́σαιτο | γυμνᾰ́σαισθον | γυμνᾰσαίσθην | γυμνᾰσαίμεθᾰ | γυμνᾰ́σαισθε | γυμνᾰ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | γύμνᾰσαι | γυμνᾰσᾰ́σθω | γυμνᾰ́σᾰσθον | γυμνᾰσᾰ́σθων | γυμνᾰ́σᾰσθε | γυμνᾰσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθης | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθη | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθητον | ἐγυμνᾰσθήτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθημεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθητε | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | γυμνᾰσθῶ | γυμνᾰσθῇς | γυμνᾰσθῇ | γυμνᾰσθῆτον | γυμνᾰσθῆτον | γυμνᾰσθῶμεν | γυμνᾰσθῆτε | γυμνᾰσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γυμνᾰσθείην | γυμνᾰσθείης | γυμνᾰσθείη | γυμνᾰσθεῖτον, γυμνᾰσθείητον | γυμνᾰσθείτην, γυμνᾰσθειήτην | γυμνᾰσθεῖμεν, γυμνᾰσθείημεν | γυμνᾰσθεῖτε, γυμνᾰσθείητε | γυμνᾰσθεῖεν, γυμνᾰσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | γυμνᾰ́σθητῐ | γυμνᾰσθήτω | γυμνᾰ́σθητον | γυμνᾰσθήτων | γυμνᾰ́σθητε | γυμνᾰσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | γυμνᾰ́σαι | γυμνᾰ́σᾰσθαι | γυμνᾰσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | γυμνᾰ́σᾱς | γυμνᾰσᾰ́μενος | γυμνᾰσθείς | |||||||||
| f | γυμνᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | γυμνᾰσᾰμένη | γυμνᾰσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | γυμνᾰ́σᾰν | γυμνᾰσᾰ́μενον | γυμνᾰσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: γεγύμνᾰκᾰ, γεγύμνᾰσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | γεγύμνᾰκᾰ | γεγύμνᾰκᾰς | γεγύμνᾰκε(ν) | γεγυμνᾰ́κᾰτον | γεγυμνᾰ́κᾰτον | γεγυμνᾰ́κᾰμεν | γεγυμνᾰ́κᾰτε | γεγυμνᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | γεγυμνᾰ́κω | γεγυμνᾰ́κῃς | γεγυμνᾰ́κῃ | γεγυμνᾰ́κητον | γεγυμνᾰ́κητον | γεγυμνᾰ́κωμεν | γεγυμνᾰ́κητε | γεγυμνᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γεγυμνᾰ́κοιμῐ, γεγυμνᾰκοίην | γεγυμνᾰ́κοις, γεγυμνᾰκοίης | γεγυμνᾰ́κοι, γεγυμνᾰκοίη | γεγυμνᾰ́κοιτον | γεγυμνᾰκοίτην | γεγυμνᾰ́κοιμεν | γεγυμνᾰ́κοιτε | γεγυμνᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | γεγύμνᾰκε | γεγυμνᾰκέτω | γεγυμνᾰ́κετον | γεγυμνᾰκέτων | γεγυμνᾰ́κετε | γεγυμνᾰκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | γεγύμνᾰσμαι | γεγύμνᾰσαι | γεγύμνᾰσται | γεγύμνᾰσθον | γεγύμνᾰσθον | γεγυμνᾰ́σμεθᾰ | γεγύμνᾰσθε | γεγυμνᾰ́δᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | γεγυμνᾰσμένος ὦ | γεγυμνᾰσμένος ᾖς | γεγυμνᾰσμένος ᾖ | γεγυμνᾰσμένω ἦτον | γεγυμνᾰσμένω ἦτον | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι ὦμεν | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι ἦτε | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γεγυμνᾰσμένος εἴην | γεγυμνᾰσμένος εἴης | γεγυμνᾰσμένος εἴη | γεγυμνᾰσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | γεγυμνᾰσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | γεγυμνᾰσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | γεγύμνᾰσο | γεγυμνᾰ́σθω | γεγύμνᾰσθον | γεγυμνᾰ́σθων | γεγύμνᾰσθε | γεγυμνᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | γεγυμνᾰκέναι | γεγυμνᾰ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | γεγυμνᾰκώς | γεγυμνᾰσμένος | ||||||||||
| f | γεγυμνᾰκυῖᾰ | γεγυμνᾰσμένη | |||||||||||
| n | γεγυμνᾰκός | γεγυμνᾰσμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́κη | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεις, ἐγυμνᾰ́κης | ἐγυμνᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετον | ἐγυμνᾰκέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεμεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετε | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην | ἐγύμνᾰσο | ἐγύμνᾰστο | ἐγύμνᾰσθον | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐγύμνᾰσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Further reading
- γυμνάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γυμνάζω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- “γυμνάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G1128 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- develop idem, page 220.
- distress idem, page 242.
- drill idem, page 252.
- educate idem, page 262.
- exercise idem, page 291.
- grieve idem, page 373.
- harass idem, page 385.
- harden idem, page 385.
- pain idem, page 588.
- persecute idem, page 607.
- play idem, page 618.
- practise idem, page 631.
- task idem, page 856.
- tax idem, page 857.
- tire idem, page 877.
- torment idem, page 881.
- train idem, page 886.
- try idem, page 899.
- vex idem, page 949.
- waste idem, page 965.
- wear arms idem, page 970.
- weary idem, page 970.
- wring idem, page 993.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γυμνάζω (gumnázō); synchronically analyzable as γυμνός (gymnós) + -άζω (-ázo).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʝimˈna.zo/
- Hyphenation: γυ‧μνά‧ζω
Verb
γυμνάζω • (gymnázo) (past γύμνασα, passive γυμνάζομαι)
- exercise, drill, train, school
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
- γυμνάσιο n (gymnásio, “middle school”)
- γυμναστήριο n (gymnastírio, “gymnasium”)
- γυμναστής m (gymnastís, “gymnast”)
- γυμνάστρια f (gymnástria, “gymnast”)
- γυμναστική f (gymnastikí, “exercise, gymnastics”)
- γυμνισμός (gymnismós, “naturism”)
- γυμνός (gymnós, “naked”)
- γυμνότητα (gymnótita, “nakedness”)
- and see: γυμνώνω (gymnóno, “I undress, I lay bare”)