Γραικός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Aristotle was one of the firsts to use the name Graeci (Γραικοί), saying that the area about Dodona and Achelous was inhabited by the Selli (Σελλοὶ) and a people formerly called Graeci and now Hellenes (Έλληνες).[1]
In modern scholarship, the name is traced to Γραῖα (Graîa), a city on the coast of Boeotia, a name given to the Greeks by the Romans, where they first met. The city's name itself means "grey", from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡrai̯.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡrɛˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɣrɛˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
Adjective
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (feminine Γραική, neuter Γραικόν); first/second declension
- Greek
Declension
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | Γραικός Graikós | Γραική Graikḗ | Γραικόν Graikón | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικοί Graikoí | Γραικαί Graikaí | Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Genitive | Γραικοῦ Graikoû | Γραικῆς Graikês | Γραικοῦ Graikoû | Γραικοῖν Graikoîn | Γραικαῖν Graikaîn | Γραικοῖν Graikoîn | Γραικῶν Graikôn | Γραικῶν Graikôn | Γραικῶν Graikôn | |||||
Dative | Γραικῷ Graikôi | Γραικῇ Graikêi | Γραικῷ Graikôi | Γραικοῖν Graikoîn | Γραικαῖν Graikaîn | Γραικοῖν Graikoîn | Γραικοῖς Graikoîs | Γραικαῖς Graikaîs | Γραικοῖς Graikoîs | |||||
Accusative | Γραικόν Graikón | Γραικήν Graikḗn | Γραικόν Graikón | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικούς Graikoús | Γραικᾱ́ς Graikā́s | Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké | Γραική Graikḗ | Γραικόν Graikón | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικοί Graikoí | Γραικαί Graikaí | Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
Γραικῶς Graikôs | Γραικότερος Graikóteros | Γραικότᾰτος Graikótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Proper noun
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension
- Graecus, a character in Greek mythology, said to be a son of Thessalos, the king of Phthia; or else a son of Pandora and Zeus.
Declension
Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ Γραικός ho Graikós | ||||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ Γραικοῦ toû Graikoû | ||||||||||||
Dative | τῷ Γραικῷ tôi Graikôi | ||||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν Γραικόν tòn Graikón | ||||||||||||
Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Noun
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension
- a Graecian, a member of an ancient Boeotian tribe that migrated to Italy.
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ Γραικός ho Graikós | τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ | οἱ Γραικοί hoi Graikoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ Γραικοῦ toû Graikoû | τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn | τῶν Γραικῶν tôn Graikôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ Γραικῷ tôi Graikôi | τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn | τοῖς Γραικοῖς toîs Graikoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν Γραικόν tòn Graikón | τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ | τοὺς Γραικούς toùs Graikoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké | Γραικώ Graikṓ | Γραικοί Graikoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
- Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)
- → Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)
References
- Aristotle, Μετεωρολογικά, Α.352b
- R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 267.
Further reading
- Γραικός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Γραικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Γραικός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- Busolt, Griechische Geschichte bis zur Schlacht bei Chaeroneia
Greek
Etymology
Hellenistic reborrowing from Latin Graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
- Hyphenation: Γραι‧κός
Noun
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (plural Γραικοί)
- (historical) Greek
Usage notes
- Used in Byzantium and during Ottoman rule. Although the word has carried a derogatory sense from the roman Graecus, Graeculus, and its occidental descendants, the word was redeemed in the lips of the revolutionary Athanasios Diakos who said before his impalement:
- Εγώ Γραικός γεννήθηκα, Γραικός θε να πεθάνω
- Egó Graikós genníthika, Graikós the na petháno
- I was born a Graecus, I shall die a Graecus.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | Γραικός • | Γραικοί • |
genitive | Γραικού • | Γραικών • |
accusative | Γραικό • | Γραικούς • |
vocative | Γραικέ • | Γραικοί • |
Synonyms
- Έλληνας m (Éllinas)
- Ρωμιός m (Romiós) (familiar, emotive term)
Related terms
- γραικικός (graikikós, “Greek”)
- γραικύλος (graikýlos, “Graeculus”) (derogatory, offensive)
References
- Γραικός in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.