βότρυς

See also: Βότρυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Considered Pre-Greek[1], but also Semitic, relating to Hebrew בֹּסֶר‎ (boṣer, “unripe grape”), Arabic بُسْر‎ (busr, “unripe dates”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic בֻּסְרָא‎ (busrā), בּוּסְרָא‎ (busrā, “unripe grape”), Hebrew בֹּסֶר‎ (boser, “unripe grape”), Classical Syriac ܒܣܪܐ‎ (*busrā, “unripe grape”).[2][3][4]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bó.trys/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.trys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβo.trys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈvo.trys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈvo.tris/

Noun

βότρῠς • (bótrus) m (genitive βότρῠος); third declension

bunch of grapes, grapes
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.562
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Vict. 2.55
- 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Orations 7.225b
- Palatine Anthology 5.286
- 350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 1.528
1. (figuratively) clustered earring
  - 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 320.10
(herb) ambrosia (Ambrosia maritima)
- 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 3.114
1. Jerusalem oak (Dysphania botrys [syn. Chenopodium botrys])
  - 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 115
the Pleiades
- Sch.Il. 18.486

Declension

Third declension of ὁ βότρῠς; τοῦ βότρῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ βότρῠς ho bótrus	τὼ βότρῠε tṑ bótrue	οἱ βότρῠες hoi bótrues
Genitive	τοῦ βότρῠος toû bótruos	τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν toîn botrúoin	τῶν βοτρῠ́ων tôn botrúōn
Dative	τῷ βότρῠῐ̈ / βότρυι tôi bótruï / bótrui	τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν toîn botrúoin	τοῖς βότρῠσῐ / βότρῠσῐν toîs bótrusi(n)
Accusative	τὸν βότρῠν tòn bótrun	τὼ βότρῠε tṑ bótrue	τοὺς βότρῡς / βότρῠᾰς toùs bótrūs / bótruas
Vocative	βότρῠ bótru	βότρῠε bótrue	βότρῠες bótrues
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

βότρῠς also appears with a heteroclitic neuter plural in Euphorion 149, probably from the related βότρῠον (bótruon):

Second declension of τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ; τῶν βοτρῠ́ων (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ tà bótrua
Genitive	τῶν βοτρῠ́ων tôn botrúōn
Dative	τοῖς βοτρῠ́οις toîs botrúois
Accusative	τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ tà bótrua
Vocative	βότρῠᾰ bótrua
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

(ambrosia, Ambrosia maritima): ἀμβροσῐ́ᾱ (ambrosíā), ἀρτεμισῐ́ᾱ (artemisíā)

Derived terms

ἀγλαόβοτρῠς (aglaóbotrus)
βοτρεύς (botreús)
βοτρῡ́δῐον (botrū́dion)
βοτρῡδόν (botrūdón)
βοτρῠηρός (botruērós)
βοτρῠηφόρος (botruēphóros)
βοτρῠ́ϊος (botrúïos)
βοτρῠΐτης (botruḯtēs)
βοτρῠῖτῐς (botruîtis)
βοτρῠμός (botrumós)
βοτρῠόδωρος (botruódōros)
βοτρῠοειδής (botruoeidḗs)
βοτρῠόεις (botruóeis)
βοτρῠόκοσμος (botruókosmos)
βότρῠον (bótruon)
βοτρῠόομαι (botruóomai)
βοτρῠόπαις (botruópais)
βοτρῠοστᾰγής (botruostagḗs)
βοτρῠοστέφᾰνος (botruostéphanos)
βοτρῠοφορέω (botruophoréō)
βοτρῠοχαίτης (botruokhaítēs)
βότρῠχος (bótrukhos)
βοτρῠχώδης (botrukhṓdēs)
βοτρῠώδης (botruṓdēs)
εὔβοτρῠς (eúbotrus)
καλλίβοτρῠς (kallíbotrus)
μικρόβοτρῠς (mikróbotrus)
ποικιλόβοτρῠς (poikilóbotrus)
πολύβοτρῠς (polúbotrus)
φερέβοτρῠς (pherébotrus)
φιλόβοτρῠς (philóbotrus)

Descendants

Tsakonian: βότσχε (vótsche)
Latin: bō̆trys, bō̆trus, bō̆truōsus, bō̆trōnātus
- → English: botriform, botrycymose, botrylle, botryogen, botryoid, stachybotryotoxicosis, botrytis

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228
Brown, John Pairman (1995) Israel and Hellas (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 231), volume I, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, pages 155–156
Szemerényi, Oswald (1971), “Pierre Chantraine: Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: Histoire des mots”, in Gnomon, volume 43, DOI:10.2307/27685321, page 661
Lagarde, Paul de (1887) Mittheilungen (in German), volume 2, Göttingen: Dieterichsche Sortimentsbuchhandlung, page 356