βραχίων

βραχίων

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From βρᾰχῠ́ς (brakhús, “short”) +‎ -ίων (-íōn), because the upper arm is shorter than the forearm.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /bra.kʰǐː.ɔːn/ → /βraˈçi.on/ → /vraˈçi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bra.kʰǐː.ɔːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /braˈkʰi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βraˈçi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /vraˈçi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /vraˈçi.on/

Noun

βρᾰχῑ́ων • (brakhī́ōn) m (genitive βρᾰχῑ́ονος); third declension

1. the (upper) arm, the shoulder
2. (poetic) a symbol of strength

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ βρᾰχῑ́ων; τοῦ βρᾰχῑ́ονος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ βρᾰχῑ́ων ho brakhī́ōn	τὼ βρᾰχῑ́ονε tṑ brakhī́one	οἱ βρᾰχῑ́ονες hoi brakhī́ones
Genitive	τοῦ βρᾰχῑ́ονος toû brakhī́onos	τοῖν βρᾰχῑόνοιν toîn brakhīónoin	τῶν βρᾰχῑόνων tôn brakhīónōn
Dative	τῷ βρᾰχῑ́ονῐ tôi brakhī́oni	τοῖν βρᾰχῑόνοιν toîn brakhīónoin	τοῖς βρᾰχῑ́οσῐ / βρᾰχῑ́οσῐν toîs brakhī́osi(n)
Accusative	τὸν βρᾰχῑ́ονᾰ tòn brakhī́ona	τὼ βρᾰχῑ́ονε tṑ brakhī́one	τοὺς βρᾰχῑ́ονᾰς toùs brakhī́onas
Vocative	βρᾰχῖον brakhîon	βρᾰχῑ́ονε brakhī́one	βρᾰχῑ́ονες brakhī́ones
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πρυμνὸς βρᾰχῑ́ων (prumnòs brakhī́ōn, “shoulder”)

Descendants

• Latin: bracchium

Adjective

βρᾰχίων • (brakhíōn) m or f (neuter βρᾰχίον); third declension

1. comparative degree of βρᾰχῠ́ς (brakhús): shorter

Declension

Third declension of βρᾰχίων; βρᾰχίον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		βρᾰχίων brakhíōn	βρᾰχίον brakhíon		βρᾰχίονε brakhíone	βρᾰχίονε brakhíone		βρᾰχίονες / βρᾰχίους brakhíones / brakhíous	βρᾰχίονᾰ / βρᾰχίω brakhíona / brakhíō
Genitive		βρᾰχίονος brakhíonos	βρᾰχίονος brakhíonos		βρᾰχιόνοιν brakhiónoin	βρᾰχιόνοιν brakhiónoin		βρᾰχιόνων brakhiónōn	βρᾰχιόνων brakhiónōn
Dative		βρᾰχίονῐ brakhíoni	βρᾰχίονῐ brakhíoni		βρᾰχιόνοιν brakhiónoin	βρᾰχιόνοιν brakhiónoin		βρᾰχίοσῐ / βρᾰχίοσῐν brakhíosi(n)	βρᾰχίοσῐ / βρᾰχίοσῐν brakhíosi(n)
Accusative		βρᾰχίονᾰ / βρᾰχίω brakhíona / brakhíō	βρᾰχίον brakhíon		βρᾰχίονε brakhíone	βρᾰχίονε brakhíone		βρᾰχίονᾰς / βρᾰχίους brakhíonas / brakhíous	βρᾰχίονᾰ / βρᾰχίω brakhíona / brakhíō
Vocative		βρᾰχίον brakhíon	βρᾰχίον brakhíon		βρᾰχίονε brakhíone	βρᾰχίονε brakhíone		βρᾰχίονες / βρᾰχίους brakhíones / brakhíous	βρᾰχίονᾰ / βρᾰχίω brakhíona / brakhíō
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		βρᾰχίον brakhíon			—			—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “βρᾰχίων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press (noun)
• “βρᾰχίων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press (adjective)
• “βραχίων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “βραχίων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• βραχίων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βραχίων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• βραχίων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• G1023 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• βραχίων in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 40
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βραχίων, -ονος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236