βαλιός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
The formation is similar to πολιός (poliós, “grey”) and other colour adjectives. Since *b- is rare in Proto-Indo-European, it has been considered a loanword from another language, perhaps Thracian, Phrygian, Illyrian or Macedonian. If so, the genuinely Greek cognate would have to be φαλιός (phaliós, “with a white spot”). Pokorny posits Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny, white”). Athanassakis demonstrates with an extensive discussion that the word is of Illyrian origin, comparing Albanian ballë (“horse with a white spot on its forehead”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ba.li.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ba.liˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βa.liˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /va.liˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /va.liˈos/
Adjective
βᾰλῐός • (baliós) m (feminine βᾰλῐᾱ́, neuter βᾰλῐόν); first/second declension
- spotted, dappled, mottled
- Synonyms: ποικῐ́λος (poikílos), ῥᾰντός (rhantós)
- swift, rapid, fast
Inflection
First and second declension of βᾰλῐός; βᾰλῐᾱ́; βᾰλῐόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | βᾰλῐός baliós | βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́ | βᾰλῐόν balión | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́ | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐοί balioí | βᾰλῐαί baliaí | βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá | |||||
Genitive | βᾰλῐοῦ balioû | βᾰλῐᾶς baliâs | βᾰλῐοῦ balioû | βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn | βᾰλῐαῖν baliaîn | βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn | βᾰλῐῶν baliôn | βᾰλῐῶν baliôn | βᾰλῐῶν baliôn | |||||
Dative | βᾰλῐῷ baliôi | βᾰλῐᾷ baliâi | βᾰλῐῷ baliôi | βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn | βᾰλῐαῖν baliaîn | βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn | βᾰλῐοῖς balioîs | βᾰλῐαῖς baliaîs | βᾰλῐοῖς balioîs | |||||
Accusative | βᾰλῐόν balión | βᾰλῐᾱ́ν baliā́n | βᾰλῐόν balión | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́ | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐούς balioús | βᾰλῐᾱ́ς baliā́s | βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá | |||||
Vocative | βᾰλῐέ balié | βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́ | βᾰλῐόν balión | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́ | βᾰλῐώ baliṓ | βᾰλῐοί balioí | βᾰλῐαί baliaí | βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
βᾰλῐῶς baliôs | βᾰλῐώτερος baliṓteros | βᾰλῐώτᾰτος baliṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- Βᾰλῐ́ος (Balíos)
Further reading
- βαλιός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- βαλιός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- βαλιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βαλιός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2020)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN