αὐστηρός
See also: αυστηρός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”). Cognate with English sear.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /au̯s.tɛː.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aʍs.te̝ˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aɸs.tiˈros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /afs.tiˈros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /afs.tiˈros/
Adjective
αὐστηρός • (austērós) m (feminine αὐστηρᾱ́, neuter αὐστηρόν); first/second declension
- bitter, harsh
Inflection
First and second declension of αὐστηρός; αὐστηρᾱ́; αὐστηρόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | αὐστηρός austērós | αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́ | αὐστηρόν austērón | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́ | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηροί austēroí | αὐστηραί austēraí | αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá | |||||
Genitive | αὐστηροῦ austēroû | αὐστηρᾶς austērâs | αὐστηροῦ austēroû | αὐστηροῖν austēroîn | αὐστηραῖν austēraîn | αὐστηροῖν austēroîn | αὐστηρῶν austērôn | αὐστηρῶν austērôn | αὐστηρῶν austērôn | |||||
Dative | αὐστηρῷ austērôi | αὐστηρᾷ austērâi | αὐστηρῷ austērôi | αὐστηροῖν austēroîn | αὐστηραῖν austēraîn | αὐστηροῖν austēroîn | αὐστηροῖς austēroîs | αὐστηραῖς austēraîs | αὐστηροῖς austēroîs | |||||
Accusative | αὐστηρόν austērón | αὐστηρᾱ́ν austērā́n | αὐστηρόν austērón | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́ | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηρούς austēroús | αὐστηρᾱ́ς austērā́s | αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá | |||||
Vocative | αὐστηρέ austēré | αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́ | αὐστηρόν austērón | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́ | αὐστηρώ austērṓ | αὐστηροί austēroí | αὐστηραί austēraí | αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
αὐστηρῶς austērôs | αὐστηρότερος austēróteros | αὐστηρότᾰτος austērótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms
- αὔω (aúō, “light a fire”)
- αὖος (aûos, “dry”)
Descendants
- Greek: αυστηρός (afstirós)
- → Latin: austerus (see there for further descendants)
References
- “αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- αὐστηρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- αὐστηρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G840 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- acid idem, page 8.
- astringent idem, page 48.
- austere idem, page 53.
- harsh idem, page 387.
- rough idem, page 722.
- sour idem, page 796.
- tart idem, page 856.