αἴθαλος
See also: αἰθαλός and Αἴθαλος
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 12 March 2017
Alternative forms
- αἰθᾰλός (aithalós)
Etymology
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀲𐀫 (ai-ta-ro), from Proto-Hellenic *áitʰalos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“fire”). Compare Albanian jezull (“cloud of dust or smoke; ashes”) and Proto-Germanic *ailą (“fire”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ǎi̯.tʰa.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɛ.tʰa.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɛ.θa.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θa.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.θa.los/
Noun
αἴθᾰλος • (aíthalos) m (genitive αἰθᾰ́λου); second declension
- smoky flame and thick black smoke rising up from the sacked, scorched Troy
- 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 911
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Collected Works 55
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Nature of the Woman 1.91
- soot
- Semus 24
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cimon 1.4
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 17.1
- a cinder, an ember, a scintilla
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 12.219
- a kind of black grape grown in Egypt
- 23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 14.74–75
Declension
Second declension of ὁ αἴθᾰλος; τοῦ αἰθᾰ́λου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ αἴθᾰλος ho aíthalos | τὼ αἰθᾰ́λω tṑ aithálō | οἱ αἴθᾰλοι hoi aíthaloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ αἰθᾰ́λου toû aithálou | τοῖν αἰθᾰ́λοιν toîn aitháloin | τῶν αἰθᾰ́λων tôn aithálōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ αἰθᾰ́λῳ tôi aithálōi | τοῖν αἰθᾰ́λοιν toîn aitháloin | τοῖς αἰθᾰ́λοις toîs aithálois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν αἴθᾰλον tòn aíthalon | τὼ αἰθᾰ́λω tṑ aithálō | τοὺς αἰθᾰ́λους toùs aithálous | ||||||||||
Vocative | αἴθᾰλε aíthale | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
- → Latin: aethalus
Adjective
αἴθᾰλος • (aíthalos) m or f (neuter αἴθᾰλον); second declension
- burnt-coloured, dark brown, dusky, pitchy, blackish, dark
- 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Theriaca 659
Declension
Second declension of αἴθᾰλος; αἴθᾰλον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | αἴθᾰλος aíthalos | αἴθᾰλον aíthalon | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi | αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala | ||||||||
Genitive | αἰθᾰ́λου aithálou | αἰθᾰ́λου aithálou | αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin | αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin | αἰθᾰ́λων aithálōn | αἰθᾰ́λων aithálōn | ||||||||
Dative | αἰθᾰ́λῳ aithálōi | αἰθᾰ́λῳ aithálōi | αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin | αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin | αἰθᾰ́λοις aithálois | αἰθᾰ́λοις aithálois | ||||||||
Accusative | αἴθᾰλον aíthalon | αἴθᾰλον aíthalon | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἰθᾰ́λους aithálous | αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala | ||||||||
Vocative | αἴθᾰλε aíthale | αἴθᾰλον aíthalon | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō | αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi | αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
αἰθᾰ́λως aithálōs | αἰθᾰλώτερος aithalṓteros | αἰθᾰλώτᾰτος aithalṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (burnt-coloured, dark brown): αἰθαλόεις (aithalóeis)
Descendants
- Translingual: Aethalium
Related terms
- αἰθήρ (aithḗr)
- αἶθος (aîthos)
- αἴθω (aíthō)
References
- “αἴθαλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- αἴθᾰλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)