αἰχμή
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *aiksmā, whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀏𐀭𐀔 (ai-ka-sa-ma /*aiksmans/);[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ-sm-o/eh₂-,[1] whence also Old Prussian aysmis and Lithuanian iēšmas, jiēšmas (“spit, broach”); ultimately from *h₂eyḱ- (“to sting; sharp tip, barb”), the same root as possibly Latin īcō (“I stab, sting”), Proto-Germanic *aiglaz, *aiginþs (“shoot, barb”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯kʰ.mɛ̌ː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛkʰˈme̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛxˈmi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /exˈmi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /exˈmi/
Noun
αἰχμή • (aikhmḗ) f (genitive αἰχμῆς); first declension
- point of a spear
- head of an arrow
- (figuratively) war
- (by extension) warlike spirit
Declension
First declension of ἡ αἰχμή; τῆς αἰχμῆς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ αἰχμή hē aikhmḗ | τὼ αἰχμᾱ́ tṑ aikhmā́ | αἱ αἰχμαί hai aikhmaí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς αἰχμῆς tês aikhmês | τοῖν αἰχμαῖν toîn aikhmaîn | τῶν αἰχμῶν tôn aikhmôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ αἰχμῇ têi aikhmêi | τοῖν αἰχμαῖν toîn aikhmaîn | ταῖς αἰχμαῖς taîs aikhmaîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν αἰχμήν tḕn aikhmḗn | τὼ αἰχμᾱ́ tṑ aikhmā́ | τᾱ̀ς αἰχμᾱ́ς tā̀s aikhmā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | αἰχμή aikhmḗ | αἰχμᾱ́ aikhmā́ | αἰχμαί aikhmaí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- αἰχμάζω (aikhmázō)
- αἰχμᾰ́λωτος (aikhmálōtos)
- αἰχμητής (aikhmētḗs)
- Ἀρίσταιχμος (Arístaikhmos)
- Μέναιχμος (Ménaikhmos)
- ὁμαιχμία (homaikhmía)
Related terms
- αἶκλοι (aîkloi, “corners of an arrow”)
- ἰκμαμένος (ikmaménos, “wounded”)
- ἰκτέα (iktéa), ἰκτέα ἀκόντιον (iktéa akóntion, “javelin”)
- (possibly) ἴκταρ (íktar, “near, close (to)”)
Descendants
- Greek: αιχμή (aichmí)
Further reading
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἰχμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 45–46
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aigla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 9
- “αἰχμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αἰχμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “αἰχμή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- αἰχμή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- αἰχμή in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- dart idem, page 195.
- javelin idem, page 462.
- lance idem, page 474.
- spear idem, page 799.