αἰτέω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- αἴτημι (aítēmi) – Aeolic
Etymology
Related to αἴνυμαι (aínumai), αἶσα (aîsa), αἴτιος (aítios), διαιτάω (diaitáō), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to give, take”).Compare also Latin aiō.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯.té.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛˈte.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛˈte.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈte.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈte.o/
Verb
αἰτέω • (aitéō)
- (usually transitive) to ask for, crave, demand, beg [+accusative = something], [+two accusatives = something from someone]; or with object omitted
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.358
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.365
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.17
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.74
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.17
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.295
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.387
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.1
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.114
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 556
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.3.16
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.49
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 340
- (transitive) to ask for [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something]
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.173
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1334
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 65
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Eryxias 398E
- (logic, transitive) to postulate, assume
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.24.2
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 8.13.2
- (middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one's own use or purpose, to claim
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 480
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.90
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.34
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 822
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 112.41
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 480
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 778
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 154.24
- 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Hymnis 5
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 141.35
- (passive, of persons) to have a thing begged of one
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.111
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.97
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 14.63
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.10
- (of things) to be asked for
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.112
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 169.17
Inflection
Present: αἰτέω, αἰτέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | αἰτέω | αἰτέεις | αἰτέει | αἰτέετον | αἰτέετον | αἰτέομεν | αἰτέετε | αἰτέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτέω | αἰτέῃς | αἰτέῃ | αἰτέητον | αἰτέητον | αἰτέωμεν | αἰτέητε | αἰτέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | αἰτέοιμῐ | αἰτέοις | αἰτέοι | αἰτέοιτον | αἰτεοίτην | αἰτέοιμεν | αἰτέοιτε | αἰτέοιεν | |||||
imperative | αἴτεε | αἰτεέτω | αἰτέετον | αἰτεέτων | αἰτέετε | αἰτεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | αἰτέομαι | αἰτέῃ, αἰτέει | αἰτέεται | αἰτέεσθον | αἰτέεσθον | αἰτεόμεθᾰ | αἰτέεσθε | αἰτέονται | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτέωμαι | αἰτέῃ | αἰτέηται | αἰτέησθον | αἰτέησθον | αἰτεώμεθᾰ | αἰτέησθε | αἰτέωνται | |||||
optative | αἰτεοίμην | αἰτέοιο | αἰτέοιτο | αἰτέοισθον | αἰτεοίσθην | αἰτεοίμεθᾰ | αἰτέοισθε | αἰτέοιντο | |||||
imperative | αἰτέου | αἰτεέσθω | αἰτέεσθον | αἰτεέσθων | αἰτέεσθε | αἰτεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | αἰτέειν | αἰτέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | αἰτέων | αἰτεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | αἰτέουσᾰ | αἰτεομένη | |||||||||||
n | αἰτέον | αἰτεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Present: αἰτῶ, αἰτοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | αἰτῶ | αἰτεῖς | αἰτεῖ | αἰτεῖτον | αἰτεῖτον | αἰτοῦμεν | αἰτεῖτε | αἰτοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτῶ | αἰτῇς | αἰτῇ | αἰτῆτον | αἰτῆτον | αἰτῶμεν | αἰτῆτε | αἰτῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | αἰτοίην, αἰτοῖμῐ | αἰτοίης, αἰτοῖς | αἰτοίη, αἰτοῖ | αἰτοῖτον, αἰτοίητον | αἰτοίτην, αἰτοιήτην | αἰτοῖμεν, αἰτοίημεν | αἰτοῖτε, αἰτοίητε | αἰτοῖεν, αἰτοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | αἴτει | αἰτείτω | αἰτεῖτον | αἰτείτων | αἰτεῖτε | αἰτούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | αἰτοῦμαι | αἰτεῖ, αἰτῇ | αἰτεῖται | αἰτεῖσθον | αἰτεῖσθον | αἰτούμεθᾰ | αἰτεῖσθε | αἰτοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτῶμαι | αἰτῇ | αἰτῆται | αἰτῆσθον | αἰτῆσθον | αἰτώμεθᾰ | αἰτῆσθε | αἰτῶνται | |||||
optative | αἰτοίμην | αἰτοῖο | αἰτοῖτο | αἰτοῖσθον | αἰτοίσθην | αἰτοίμεθᾰ | αἰτοῖσθε | αἰτοῖντο | |||||
imperative | αἰτοῦ | αἰτείσθω | αἰτεῖσθον | αἰτείσθων | αἰτεῖσθε | αἰτείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | αἰτεῖν | αἰτεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | αἰτῶν | αἰτούμενος | ||||||||||
f | αἰτοῦσᾰ | αἰτουμένη | |||||||||||
n | αἰτοῦν | αἰτούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ᾔτεον, ᾐτεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾔτεον | ᾔτεες | ᾔτεε(ν) | ᾐτέετον | ᾐτεέτην | ᾐτέομεν | ᾐτέετε | ᾔτεον | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ᾐτεόμην | ᾐτέου | ᾐτέετο | ᾐτέεσθον | ᾐτεέσθην | ᾐτεόμεθᾰ | ᾐτέεσθε | ᾐτέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ᾔτουν, ᾐτούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾔτουν | ᾔτεις | ᾔτει | ᾐτεῖτον | ᾐτείτην | ᾐτοῦμεν | ᾐτεῖτε | ᾔτουν | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ᾐτούμην | ᾐτοῦ | ᾐτεῖτο | ᾐτεῖσθον | ᾐτείσθην | ᾐτούμεθᾰ | ᾐτεῖσθε | ᾐτοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: αἰτήσω, αἰτήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | αἰτήσω | αἰτήσεις | αἰτήσει | αἰτήσετον | αἰτήσετον | αἰτήσομεν | αἰτήσετε | αἰτήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | αἰτήσοιμῐ | αἰτήσοις | αἰτήσοι | αἰτήσοιτον | αἰτησοίτην | αἰτήσοιμεν | αἰτήσοιτε | αἰτήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | αἰτήσομαι | αἰτήσῃ, αἰτήσει | αἰτήσεται | αἰτήσεσθον | αἰτήσεσθον | αἰτησόμεθᾰ | αἰτήσεσθε | αἰτήσονται | ||||
optative | αἰτησοίμην | αἰτήσοιο | αἰτήσοιτο | αἰτήσοισθον | αἰτησοίσθην | αἰτησοίμεθᾰ | αἰτήσοισθε | αἰτήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | αἰτήσειν | αἰτήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | αἰτήσων | αἰτησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | αἰτήσουσᾰ | αἰτησομένη | |||||||||||
n | αἰτῆσον | αἰτησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ᾔτησᾰ, ᾐτησᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾔτησᾰ | ᾔτησᾰς | ᾔτησε(ν) | ᾐτήσᾰτον | ᾐτησᾰ́την | ᾐτήσᾰμεν | ᾐτήσᾰτε | ᾔτησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτήσω | αἰτήσῃς | αἰτήσῃ | αἰτήσητον | αἰτήσητον | αἰτήσωμεν | αἰτήσητε | αἰτήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | αἰτήσαιμῐ | αἰτήσειᾰς, αἰτήσαις | αἰτήσειε(ν), αἰτήσαι | αἰτήσαιτον | αἰτησαίτην | αἰτήσαιμεν | αἰτήσαιτε | αἰτήσειᾰν, αἰτήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | αἴτησον | αἰτησᾰ́τω | αἰτήσᾰτον | αἰτησᾰ́των | αἰτήσᾰτε | αἰτησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ᾐτησᾰ́μην | ᾐτήσω | ᾐτήσᾰτο | ᾐτήσᾰσθον | ᾐτησᾰ́σθην | ᾐτησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ᾐτήσᾰσθε | ᾐτήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | αἰτήσωμαι | αἰτήσῃ | αἰτήσηται | αἰτήσησθον | αἰτήσησθον | αἰτησώμεθᾰ | αἰτήσησθε | αἰτήσωνται | |||||
optative | αἰτησαίμην | αἰτήσαιο | αἰτήσαιτο | αἰτήσαισθον | αἰτησαίσθην | αἰτησαίμεθᾰ | αἰτήσαισθε | αἰτήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | αἴτησαι | αἰτησᾰ́σθω | αἰτήσᾰσθον | αἰτησᾰ́σθων | αἰτήσᾰσθε | αἰτησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | αἰτῆσαι | αἰτήσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | αἰτήσᾱς | αἰτησᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | αἰτήσᾱσᾰ | αἰτησᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | αἰτῆσᾰν | αἰτησᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ᾔτηκᾰ, ᾔτημαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾔτηκᾰ | ᾔτηκᾰς | ᾔτηκε(ν) | ᾐτήκᾰτον | ᾐτήκᾰτον | ᾐτήκᾰμεν | ᾐτήκᾰτε | ᾐτήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾐτήκω | ᾐτήκῃς | ᾐτήκῃ | ᾐτήκητον | ᾐτήκητον | ᾐτήκωμεν | ᾐτήκητε | ᾐτήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾐτήκοιμῐ, ᾐτηκοίην | ᾐτήκοις, ᾐτηκοίης | ᾐτήκοι, ᾐτηκοίη | ᾐτήκοιτον | ᾐτηκοίτην | ᾐτήκοιμεν | ᾐτήκοιτε | ᾐτήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾔτηκε | ᾐτηκέτω | ᾐτήκετον | ᾐτηκέτων | ᾐτήκετε | ᾐτηκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ᾔτημαι | ᾔτησαι | ᾔτηται | ᾔτησθον | ᾔτησθον | ᾐτήμεθᾰ | ᾔτησθε | ᾔτηνται | ||||
subjunctive | ᾐτημένος ὦ | ᾐτημένος ᾖς | ᾐτημένος ᾖ | ᾐτημένω ἦτον | ᾐτημένω ἦτον | ᾐτημένοι ὦμεν | ᾐτημένοι ἦτε | ᾐτημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾐτημένος εἴην | ᾐτημένος εἴης | ᾐτημένος εἴη | ᾐτημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ᾐτημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ᾐτημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ᾐτημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ᾐτημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ᾔτησο | ᾐτήσθω | ᾔτησθον | ᾐτήσθων | ᾔτησθε | ᾐτήσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾐτηκέναι | ᾐτῆσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾐτηκώς | ᾐτημένος | ||||||||||
f | ᾐτηκυῖᾰ | ᾐτημένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾐτηκός | ᾐτημένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ᾐτήκειν, ᾐτήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾐτήκειν, ᾐτήκη | ᾐτήκεις, ᾐτήκης | ᾐτήκει(ν) | ᾐτήκετον | ᾐτηκέτην | ᾐτήκεμεν | ᾐτήκετε | ᾐτήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ᾐτήμην | ᾔτησο | ᾔτητο | ᾔτησθον | ᾐτήσθην | ᾐτήμεθᾰ | ᾔτησθε | ᾔτηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Synonyms
- (beg): δέομαι (déomai), αἰτίζω (aitízō)
Derived terms
- αἴτημα (aítēma)
- αἴτησις (aítēsis)
- αἰτητής (aitētḗs)
- αἰτητός (aitētós)
- αἰτίζω (aitízō)
References
- “αἰτέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αἰτέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “αἰτέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- αἰτέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- αἰτέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- αἰτέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- “αἰτέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G154 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible