acabar
Asturian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Spanish and Portuguese acabar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /akaˈbaɾ/, [a.kaˈβ̞aɾ]
Verb
acabar (first-person singular indicative present acabo, past participle acabáu)
- to finish, end, finish off
- to manage, succeed
- (acabar de facer) To have just done (something)
- to die, die out
Conjugation
infinitive | acabar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | acabando | ||||||
past participle | m acabáu, f acabada, n acabao, m pl acabaos, f pl acabaes | ||||||
person | first singular yo | second singular tu | third singular él/elli | first plural nosotros/nós | second plural vosotros/vós | third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | acabo | acabes | acaba | acabamos | acabáis | acaben |
imperfect | acababa | acababes | acababa | acabábemos, acabábamos | acababeis, acababais | acababen | |
preterite | acabé | acabasti, acabesti | acabó | acabemos | acabastis, acabestis | acabaron | |
pluperfect | acabare, acabara | acabares, acabaras | acabare, acabara | acabáremos, acabáramos | acabareis, acabarais | acabaren, acabaran | |
future | acabaré | acabarás | acabará | acabaremos | acabaréis | acabarán | |
conditional | acabaría | acabaríes | acabaría | acabaríemos, acabaríamos | acabaríeis, acabaríais | acabaríen | |
subjunctive | present | acabe | acabes, acabas | acabe | acabemos | acabéis | acaben, acaban |
imperfect | acabare, acabara | acabares, acabaras | acabare, acabara | acabáremos, acabáramos | acabareis, acabarais | acabaren, acabaran | |
imperative | — | acaba | — | — | acabái | — |
Related terms
- cabu
Catalan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Occitan acabar.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ə.kəˈba/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /a.kaˈbaɾ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, past participle acabat)
- to finish, complete
- to end up, wind up
Conjugation
infinitive | acabar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | acabant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | acabat | acabada | |||||
plural | acabats | acabades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | acabo | acabes | acaba | acabem | acabeu | acaben | |
imperfect | acabava | acabaves | acabava | acabàvem | acabàveu | acabaven | |
future | acabaré | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabareu | acabaran | |
preterite | acabí | acabares | acabà | acabàrem | acabàreu | acabaren | |
conditional | acabaria | acabaries | acabaria | acabaríem | acabaríeu | acabarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | acabi | acabis | acabi | acabem | acabeu | acabin | |
imperfect | acabés | acabessis | acabés | acabéssim | acabéssiu | acabessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
— | acaba | acabi | acabem | acabeu | acabin |
Derived terms
- acabador
- acabament
- acabar de
- s'ha acabat el bròquil
Further reading
- “acabar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “acabar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “acabar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “acabar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese acabar, from Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Spanish and Portuguese acabar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /akaˈbaɾ/
Verb
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabei, past participle acabado)
- (intransitive) to finish
- (transitive) to complete, finish
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up
- (auxiliary with de and a verb in the infinitive) to have just (indicates recency)
- (transitive with con) to destroy completely, to defeat thoroughly; to put an end to
Conjugation
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
impersonal | acabar | |||||
personal | acabar | acabares | acabar | acabarmos | acabardes | acabaren |
Gerund | ||||||
acabando | ||||||
Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | acabado | acabados | ||||
feminine | acabada | acabadas | ||||
Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | acabo | acabas | acaba | acabamos | acabades | acaban |
imperfect | acababa | acababas | acababa | acababamos | acababades | acababan |
preterite | acabei | acabaches | acabou | acabamos | acabastes | acabaron |
pluperfect | acabara | acabaras | acabara | acabaramos | acabarades | acabaran |
future | acabarei | acabarás | acabará | acabaremos | acabaredes | acabarán |
conditional | acabaría | acabarías | acabaría | acabariamos | acabariades | acabarían |
Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabemos | acabedes | acaben |
preterite | acabase | acabases | acabase | acabásemos | acabásedes | acabasen |
future | acabar | acabares | acabar | acabarmos | acabardes | acabaren |
Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
affirmative | – | acaba | acabe | acabemos | acabade | acaben |
negative | – | acabes | acabe | acabemos | acabedes | acaben |
Related terms
- cabo
References
- “acabar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “acab” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “acabar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “acabar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “acabar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Catalan acabar.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
acabar
- to finish; to complete
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabi | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvem | acabàvetz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabèri | acabères | acabèt | acabèrem | acabèretz | acabèron | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabaretz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabariái | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèssi | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèsson | |
compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acabon | |
imperfect | acabave | acabaves | acabava | acabaviam | acabaviatz | acabavon | |
preterite | acabere | acaberes | acabet | acabem | acabetz | acaberon | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabará | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarán | |
conditional | acabariá | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabassiam | acabassiatz | acabon | |
imperfect | acabesse | acabesses | acabesse | acabessiam | acabessiatz | acabesson | |
compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabassiam | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabi | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvam | acabàvatz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabèi | acabès | acabè | acabèm | acabètz | acabèn | |
future | acabarèi | acabaràs | acabarà | acabaram | acabaratz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabarí | acabarés | acabaré | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabi | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèssi | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèssen | |
compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabava | acabavas | acabava | acabàvam | acabàvatz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabei | acaberas | acabet | acabèram | acabèratz | acaberan | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabará | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarán | |
conditional | acabariá | acabariàs | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèsse | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèssen | |
compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvem | acabàvetz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabère | acabères | acabèt | acaberiam | acaberiatz | acabèron | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabaretz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabariáu | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabèsse | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabessiam | acabessiatz | acabèsson | |
compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms
- acabada
- acabador
- acabadura
- acabament
- acabat
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese acabar, from Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Spanish acabar, French achever and English achieve. By surface analysis, a- + cabo + -ar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.kaˈba(ʁ)/ [a.kaˈba(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.kaˈba(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.kaˈba(ʁ)/ [a.kaˈba(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.kaˈba(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.kɐˈbaɾ/ [ɐ.kɐˈβaɾ]
Audio (Oporto, Portugal) (file) Audio (USA) (file) - Hyphenation: a‧ca‧bar
Verb
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabei, past participle acabado)
- (intransitive) to finish (to be over, completed)
- O filme acabou. ― The film is over.
- Synonyms: terminar, finalizar
- Antonym: começar
- (transitive) to complete; to finish (to make done)
- Acabe suas tarefas antes de sair. ― Finish your chores before going out.
- Synonyms: terminar, completar, finalizar, concluir
- Antonyms: iniciar, começar, inicializar
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up (to eventually do)
- No fim, acabamos comendo naquele restaurante maltrapilho. ― In the end, we ended up eating at that shabby restaurant.
- Synonym: terminar por
- (copulative) to end up; to turn out (to become, at the end of a process)
- De tanto misturarmos, a cor da tinta acabou cinza. ― Because we mixed it so much, the colour of the paint ended up grey.
- Synonym: ficar
- (auxiliary with de and a verb in the infinitive) to have just; just (indicates recency)
- Ele acabou de sair. ― He just left.
- (transitive with com) to destroy completely, to defeat thoroughly
- O inseticida prometeu que acabaria com as baratas. ― The insecticide promised to exterminate cockroaches.
- Nosso time acabou com o deles! ― Our team murdered theirs!
- Synonyms: destruir, matar
- (transitive with com) to break up; to put an end to (to make an activity or practice stop)
- Essa lei acabará com a impunidade. ― This law will put an end to impunity.
- (transitive with com) to break up with (end a relationship)
- Ele acabou com ela. ― He broke up with her.
- Synonym: terminar com
- (intransitive or takes a reflexive pronoun) to run out (to be entirely used up)
- Todo o dinheiro acabou. ― All the money ran out.
- Synonym: esgotar-se
- inflection of acabar:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ||||||
Personal | ||||||
Gerund | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ||||||
Feminine | ||||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ||||||
Imperfect | ||||||
Preterite | 1, 2 | |||||
Pluperfect | ||||||
Future | ||||||
Conditional | ||||||
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ||||||
Imperfect | ||||||
Future | ||||||
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ||||||
Negative (não) | não acabes | não acabe | não acabemos | não acabeis | não acabem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- cabo
Descendants
- Kabuverdianu: kaba
- → Sranan Tongo: kaba
Further reading
- “acabar” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “acabar” in Dicionário inFormal.
- “acabar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “acabar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “acabar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
- “acabar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *accapō, *accapāre. Compare Portuguese acabar, French achever and English achieve. By surface analysis, a- + cabo (“end, conclusion”) + -ar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /akaˈbaɾ/ [a.kaˈβ̞aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: a‧ca‧bar
Verb
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabé, past participle acabado)
- (transitive) to finish; to end
- Synonyms: terminar, finalizar, rematar
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up (to eventually do)
- Acabarás haciendo lo que él diga.
- You'll end up doing what he says.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to run out of
- Se me acabó la paciencia.
- I've run out of patience.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to come to an end, to be over, to be done, to be finished, to be it, to be no more, to be up
- Lo siento. Su tiempo se acabó, señor.
- I am sorry. Your time is up, sir.
- (Latin America, vulgar, slang) to orgasm; to cum
Conjugation
infinitive | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | |||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | |||||||
plural | |||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos | tú||||||
imperfect | |||||||
preterite | |||||||
future | |||||||
conditional | |||||||
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos2 | tú||||||
imperfect (ra) | |||||||
imperfect (se) | |||||||
future1 | |||||||
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | vos | tú||||||
negative | no acabes | no acabe | no acabemos | no acabéis | no acaben |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with gerund | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with informal second-person singular tú imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with informal second-person singular vos imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with formal second-person singular imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | , | not used | ||||
accusative | not used | , , | not used | , | |||
with first-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with informal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with formal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | not used | , | ||||
accusative | not used | , | not used | , , |
Derived terms
- acabamiento
- acabar con (“to finish; to put an end to”)
- acabar de (“to have just”)
- acabar de una vez (“to get it over with, to be done with it”)
- acabar por (“to end up”)
- acabarse
- de nunca acabar
- muerto el perro, se acabó la rabia
- quien empieza ganando acaba llorando
- se acabó la fiesta
- y se acabó lo que se daba
Further reading
- “acabar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014