-ίζω
See also: ἵζω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō, from Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti (verbal suffix), from *-id- + *-yéti. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-itjaną.
The suffix started in denominative verbs in *-id-yō (e.g. elpid-yō > ἐλπίζω (elpízō), cf. ἐλπίς (elpís)), but was later used on stems of all kinds to the number of many thousands.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /í.zɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.zo/
Suffix
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
- Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
- Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote:
- adhere to the policy of the city
- mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym
- -ίζω (-ízō) + Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō)
Conjugation
Present: -ῐ́ζω, -ῐ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐ́ζω | -ῐ́ζεις | -ῐ́ζει | -ῐ́ζετον | -ῐ́ζετον | -ῐ́ζομεν | -ῐ́ζετε | -ῐ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐ́ζω | -ῐ́ζῃς | -ῐ́ζῃ | -ῐ́ζητον | -ῐ́ζητον | -ῐ́ζωμεν | -ῐ́ζητε | -ῐ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῐ́ζοιμῐ | -ῐ́ζοις | -ῐ́ζοι | -ῐ́ζοιτον | -ῐζοίτην | -ῐ́ζοιμεν | -ῐ́ζοιτε | -ῐ́ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ῐζε | -ῐζέτω | -ῐ́ζετον | -ῐζέτων | -ῐ́ζετε | -ῐζόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ῐ́ζομαι | -ῐ́ζῃ, -ῐ́ζει | -ῐ́ζεται | -ῐ́ζεσθον | -ῐ́ζεσθον | -ῐζόμεθᾰ | -ῐ́ζεσθε | -ῐ́ζονται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐ́ζωμαι | -ῐ́ζῃ | -ῐ́ζηται | -ῐ́ζησθον | -ῐ́ζησθον | -ῐζώμεθᾰ | -ῐ́ζησθε | -ῐ́ζωνται | |||||
| optative | -ῐζοίμην | -ῐ́ζοιο | -ῐ́ζοιτο | -ῐ́ζοισθον | -ῐζοίσθην | -ῐζοίμεθᾰ | -ῐ́ζοισθε | -ῐ́ζοιντο | |||||
| imperative | -ῐ́ζου | -ῐζέσθω | -ῐ́ζεσθον | -ῐζέσθων | -ῐ́ζεσθε | -ῐζέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῐ́ζειν | -ῐ́ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῐ́ζων | -ῐζόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -ῐ́ζουσᾰ | -ῐζομένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ῐ́ζον | -ῐζόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: -ῐζον, -ῐζόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐζον | -ῐζες | -ῐζε(ν) | -ῐ́ζετον | -ῐζέτην | -ῐ́ζομεν | -ῐ́ζετε | -ῐζον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ῐζόμην | -ῐ́ζου | -ῐ́ζετο | -ῐ́ζεσθον | -ῐζέσθην | -ῐζόμεθᾰ | -ῐ́ζεσθε | -ῐ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: -ῐέω, -ῐέομαι, -ῐσθήσομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐέω | -ῐέεις | -ῐέει | -ῐέετον | -ῐέετον | -ῐέομεν | -ῐέετε | -ῐέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | -ῐέοιμῐ | -ῐέοις | -ῐέοι | -ῐέοιτον | -ῐεοίτην | -ῐέοιμεν | -ῐέοιτε | -ῐέοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | -ῐέομαι | -ῐέῃ, -ῐέει | -ῐέεται | -ῐέεσθον | -ῐέεσθον | -ῐεόμεθᾰ | -ῐέεσθε | -ῐέονται | ||||
| optative | -ῐεοίμην | -ῐέοιο | -ῐέοιτο | -ῐέοισθον | -ῐεοίσθην | -ῐεοίμεθᾰ | -ῐέοισθε | -ῐέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | -ῐσθήσομαι | -ῐσθήσῃ | -ῐσθήσεται | -ῐσθήσεσθον | -ῐσθήσεσθον | -ῐσθησόμεθᾰ | -ῐσθήσεσθε | -ῐσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ῐσθησοίμην | -ῐσθήσοιο | -ῐσθήσοιτο | -ῐσθήσοισθον | -ῐσθησοίσθην | -ῐσθησοίμεθᾰ | -ῐσθήσοισθε | -ῐσθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῐέειν | -ῐέεσθαι | -ῐσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῐέων | -ῐεόμενος | -ῐσθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | -ῐέουσᾰ | -ῐεομένη | -ῐσθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | -ῐέον | -ῐεόμενον | -ῐσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: -ῐῶ, -ῐοῦμαι, -ῐσθήσομαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐῶ | -ῐεῖς | -ῐεῖ | -ῐεῖτον | -ῐεῖτον | -ῐοῦμεν | -ῐεῖτε | -ῐοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | -ῐοίην, -ῐοῖμῐ | -ῐοίης, -ῐοῖς | -ῐοίη, -ῐοῖ | -ῐοῖτον, -ῐοίητον | -ῐοίτην, -ῐοιήτην | -ῐοῖμεν, -ῐοίημεν | -ῐοῖτε, -ῐοίητε | -ῐοῖεν, -ῐοίησᾰν | |||||
| middle | indicative | -ῐοῦμαι | -ῐῇ | -ῐεῖται | -ῐεῖσθον | -ῐεῖσθον | -ῐούμεθᾰ | -ῐεῖσθε | -ῐοῦνται | ||||
| optative | -ῐοίμην | -ῐοῖο | -ῐοῖτο | -ῐοῖσθον | -ῐοίσθην | -ῐοίμεθᾰ | -ῐοῖσθε | -ῐοῖντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | -ῐσθήσομαι | -ῐσθήσῃ | -ῐσθήσεται | -ῐσθήσεσθον | -ῐσθήσεσθον | -ῐσθησόμεθᾰ | -ῐσθήσεσθε | -ῐσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ῐσθησοίμην | -ῐσθήσοιο | -ῐσθήσοιτο | -ῐσθήσοισθον | -ῐσθησοίσθην | -ῐσθησοίμεθᾰ | -ῐσθήσοισθε | -ῐσθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῐεῖν | -ῐεῖσθαι | -ῐσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῐῶν | -ῐούμενος | -ῐσθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | -ῐοῦσᾰ | -ῐουμένη | -ῐσθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | -ῐοῦν | -ῐούμενον | -ῐσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: -ῐσᾰ, -ῐσᾰ́μην, -ῐ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐσᾰ | -ῐσᾰς | -ῐσε(ν) | -ῐ́σᾰτον | -ῐσᾰ́την | -ῐ́σᾰμεν | -ῐ́σᾰτε | -ῐσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐ́σω | -ῐ́σῃς | -ῐ́σῃ | -ῐ́σητον | -ῐ́σητον | -ῐ́σωμεν | -ῐ́σητε | -ῐ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῐ́σαιμῐ | -ῐ́σειᾰς, -ῐ́σαις | -ῐ́σειε(ν), -ῐ́σαι | -ῐ́σαιτον | -ῐσαίτην | -ῐ́σαιμεν | -ῐ́σαιτε | -ῐ́σειᾰν, -ῐ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ῐσον | -ῐσᾰ́τω | -ῐ́σᾰτον | -ῐσᾰ́των | -ῐ́σᾰτε | -ῐσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | -ῐσᾰ́μην | -ῐ́σω | -ῐ́σᾰτο | -ῐ́σᾰσθον | -ῐσᾰ́σθην | -ῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ | -ῐ́σᾰσθε | -ῐ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐ́σωμαι | -ῐ́σῃ | -ῐ́σηται | -ῐ́σησθον | -ῐ́σησθον | -ῐσώμεθᾰ | -ῐ́σησθε | -ῐ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | -ῐσαίμην | -ῐ́σαιο | -ῐ́σαιτο | -ῐ́σαισθον | -ῐσαίσθην | -ῐσαίμεθᾰ | -ῐ́σαισθε | -ῐ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | -ῐσαι | -ῐσᾰ́σθω | -ῐ́σᾰσθον | -ῐσᾰ́σθων | -ῐ́σᾰσθε | -ῐσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | -ῐ́σθην | -ῐ́σθης | -ῐ́σθη | -ῐ́σθητον | -ῐσθήτην | -ῐ́σθημεν | -ῐ́σθητε | -ῐ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐσθῶ | -ῐσθῇς | -ῐσθῇ | -ῐσθῆτον | -ῐσθῆτον | -ῐσθῶμεν | -ῐσθῆτε | -ῐσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῐσθείην | -ῐσθείης | -ῐσθείη | -ῐσθεῖτον, -ῐσθείητον | -ῐσθείτην, -ῐσθειήτην | -ῐσθεῖμεν, -ῐσθείημεν | -ῐσθεῖτε, -ῐσθείητε | -ῐσθεῖεν, -ῐσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ῐ́σθητῐ | -ῐσθήτω | -ῐ́σθητον | -ῐσθήτων | -ῐ́σθητε | -ῐσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῐ́σαι | -ῐ́σᾰσθαι | -ῐσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῐ́σᾱς | -ῐσᾰ́μενος | -ῐσθείς | |||||||||
| f | -ῐ́σᾱσᾰ | -ῐσᾰμένη | -ῐσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | -ῐ́σᾰν | -ῐσᾰ́μενον | -ῐσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: -ῐκᾰ, -ῐσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐκᾰ | -ῐκᾰς | -ῐκε(ν) | -ῐ́κᾰτον | -ῐ́κᾰτον | -ῐ́κᾰμεν | -ῐ́κᾰτε | -ῐ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐ́κω | -ῐ́κῃς | -ῐ́κῃ | -ῐ́κητον | -ῐ́κητον | -ῐ́κωμεν | -ῐ́κητε | -ῐ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῐ́κοιμῐ, -ῐκοίην | -ῐ́κοις, -ῐκοίης | -ῐ́κοι, -ῐκοίη | -ῐ́κοιτον | -ῐκοίτην | -ῐ́κοιμεν | -ῐ́κοιτε | -ῐ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ῐκε | -ῐκέτω | -ῐ́κετον | -ῐκέτων | -ῐ́κετε | -ῐκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ῐσμαι | -ῐσαι | -ῐσται | -ῐσθον | -ῐσθον | -ῐ́σμεθᾰ | -ῐσθε | -ῐ́δᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῐσμένος ὦ | -ῐσμένος ᾖς | -ῐσμένος ᾖ | -ῐσμένω ἦτον | -ῐσμένω ἦτον | -ῐσμένοι ὦμεν | -ῐσμένοι ἦτε | -ῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῐσμένος εἴην | -ῐσμένος εἴης | -ῐσμένος εἴη | -ῐσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | -ῐσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | -ῐσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | -ῐσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | -ῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | -ῐσο | -ῐ́σθω | -ῐσθον | -ῐ́σθων | -ῐσθε | -ῐ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῐκέναι | -ῐ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῐκώς | -ῐσμένος | ||||||||||
| f | -ῐκυῖᾰ | -ῐσμένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ῐκός | -ῐσμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: -ῐ́κειν, -ῐ́σμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῐ́κειν, -ῐ́κη | -ῐ́κεις, -ῐ́κης | -ῐ́κει(ν) | -ῐ́κετον | -ῐκέτην | -ῐ́κεμεν | -ῐ́κετε | -ῐ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ῐ́σμην | -ῐσο | -ῐστο | -ῐσθον | -ῐ́σθην | -ῐ́σμεθᾰ | -ῐσθε | -ῐ́δᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ίζω
- -ισμα (-isma)
- -ισμός (-ismós)
- -ιστής (-istḗs)
Related terms
- -ις (-is)
Descendants
- Greek: -ίζω (-ízo)
- → Latin: -issō, -izō, -idiō (borrowed in different periods)
See also
- -άζω (-ázō)
- -όζω (-ózō)
- -ύζω (-úzō)
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Greek
Suffix
-ίζω • (-ízo)
- a suffix found with verbs
- formed from adjectives:
- έρρινος (érrinos, “nasal”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → ερρινίζω (errinízo, “to nasalise”)
- κίτρινος (kítrinos, “yellow”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → κιτρινίζω (kitrinízo, “to turn yellow”)
- formed from nouns giving an action or effect:
- βούρτσα (voúrtsa, “brush”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → βουρτσίζω (vourtsízo, “to sweep, to brush”)
- άθεος (átheos, “atheist”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → αθεΐζω (atheḯzo, “to become an atheist”)
- used to alter an existing verb:
- φέγγω (féngo, “glimmer”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → φεγγίζω (fengízo, “to become translucent”)
- formed from adjectives:
Derived terms
Greek terms suffixed with -ίζω