-έω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- -είω (-eíō) – Epic (etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os))
Etymology
There are five main sources:
- Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō)
- Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron)
- Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō).
- Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō)
- Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
Suffix
-έω • (-éō)
- Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).
Usage notes
If the root lemma is a noun, then -έω is a denominative suffix, if an adjective -έω is a stative suffix, if a verb -έω is a causative or frequentive suffix.
Inflection
Present: -έω, -έομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -έω | -έεις | -έει | -έετον | -έετον | -έομεν | -έετε | -έουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -έω | -έῃς | -έῃ | -έητον | -έητον | -έωμεν | -έητε | -έωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -έοιμῐ | -έοις | -έοι | -έοιτον | -εοίτην | -έοιμεν | -έοιτε | -έοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -εε | -εέτω | -έετον | -εέτων | -έετε | -εόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -έομαι | -έῃ, -έει | -έεται | -έεσθον | -έεσθον | -εόμεθᾰ | -έεσθε | -έονται | ||||
| subjunctive | -έωμαι | -έῃ | -έηται | -έησθον | -έησθον | -εώμεθᾰ | -έησθε | -έωνται | |||||
| optative | -εοίμην | -έοιο | -έοιτο | -έοισθον | -εοίσθην | -εοίμεθᾰ | -έοισθε | -έοιντο | |||||
| imperative | -έου | -εέσθω | -έεσθον | -εέσθων | -έεσθε | -εέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -έειν | -έεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -έων | -εόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -έουσᾰ | -εομένη | |||||||||||
| n | -έον | -εόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Present: -ῶ, -οῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῶ | -εῖς | -εῖ | -εῖτον | -εῖτον | -οῦμεν | -εῖτε | -οῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶ | -ῇς | -ῇ | -ῆτον | -ῆτον | -ῶμεν | -ῆτε | -ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -οίην, -οῖμῐ | -οίης, -οῖς | -οίη, -οῖ | -οῖτον, -οίητον | -οίτην, -οιήτην | -οῖμεν, -οίημεν | -οῖτε, -οίητε | -οῖεν, -οίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ει | -είτω | -εῖτον | -είτων | -εῖτε | -ούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -οῦμαι | -εῖ, -ῇ | -εῖται | -εῖσθον | -εῖσθον | -ούμεθᾰ | -εῖσθε | -οῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶμαι | -ῇ | -ῆται | -ῆσθον | -ῆσθον | -ώμεθᾰ | -ῆσθε | -ῶνται | |||||
| optative | -οίμην | -οῖο | -οῖτο | -οῖσθον | -οίσθην | -οίμεθᾰ | -οῖσθε | -οῖντο | |||||
| imperative | -οῦ | -είσθω | -εῖσθον | -είσθων | -εῖσθε | -είσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -εῖν | -εῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῶν | -ούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -οῦσᾰ | -ουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | -οῦν | -ούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: -εον, -εόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -εον | -εες | -εε(ν) | -έετον | -εέτην | -έομεν | -έετε | -εον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -εόμην | -έου | -έετο | -έεσθον | -εέσθην | -εόμεθᾰ | -έεσθε | -έοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: -ουν, -ούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ουν | -εις | -ει | -εῖτον | -είτην | -οῦμεν | -εῖτε | -ουν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ούμην | -οῦ | -εῖτο | -εῖσθον | -είσθην | -ούμεθᾰ | -εῖσθε | -οῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: -ήσω, -ήσομαι, -ηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήσω | -ήσεις | -ήσει | -ήσετον | -ήσετον | -ήσομεν | -ήσετε | -ήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | -ήσοιμῐ | -ήσοις | -ήσοι | -ήσοιτον | -ησοίτην | -ήσοιμεν | -ήσοιτε | -ήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | -ήσομαι | -ήσῃ, -ήσει | -ήσεται | -ήσεσθον | -ήσεσθον | -ησόμεθᾰ | -ήσεσθε | -ήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ησοίμην | -ήσοιο | -ήσοιτο | -ήσοισθον | -ησοίσθην | -ησοίμεθᾰ | -ήσοισθε | -ήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | -ηθήσομαι | -ηθήσῃ | -ηθήσεται | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθησόμεθᾰ | -ηθήσεσθε | -ηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ηθησοίμην | -ηθήσοιο | -ηθήσοιτο | -ηθήσοισθον | -ηθησοίσθην | -ηθησοίμεθᾰ | -ηθήσοισθε | -ηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ήσειν | -ήσεσθαι | -ηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ήσων | -ησόμενος | -ηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | -ήσουσᾰ | -ησομένη | -ηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | -ῆσον | -ησόμενον | -ηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: -ησᾰ, -ησᾰ́μην, -ήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ησᾰ | -ησᾰς | -ησε(ν) | -ήσᾰτον | -ησᾰ́την | -ήσᾰμεν | -ήσᾰτε | -ησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήσω | -ήσῃς | -ήσῃ | -ήσητον | -ήσητον | -ήσωμεν | -ήσητε | -ήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ήσαιμῐ | -ήσειᾰς, -ήσαις | -ήσειε(ν), -ήσαι | -ήσαιτον | -ησαίτην | -ήσαιμεν | -ήσαιτε | -ήσειᾰν, -ήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ησον | -ησᾰ́τω | -ήσᾰτον | -ησᾰ́των | -ήσᾰτε | -ησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | -ησᾰ́μην | -ήσω | -ήσᾰτο | -ήσᾰσθον | -ησᾰ́σθην | -ησᾰ́μεθᾰ | -ήσᾰσθε | -ήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήσωμαι | -ήσῃ | -ήσηται | -ήσησθον | -ήσησθον | -ησώμεθᾰ | -ήσησθε | -ήσωνται | |||||
| optative | -ησαίμην | -ήσαιο | -ήσαιτο | -ήσαισθον | -ησαίσθην | -ησαίμεθᾰ | -ήσαισθε | -ήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | -ησαι | -ησᾰ́σθω | -ήσᾰσθον | -ησᾰ́σθων | -ήσᾰσθε | -ησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | -ήθην | -ήθης | -ήθη | -ήθητον | -ηθήτην | -ήθημεν | -ήθητε | -ήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ηθῶ | -ηθῇς | -ηθῇ | -ηθῆτον | -ηθῆτον | -ηθῶμεν | -ηθῆτε | -ηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ηθείην | -ηθείης | -ηθείη | -ηθεῖτον, -ηθείητον | -ηθείτην, -ηθειήτην | -ηθεῖμεν, -ηθείημεν | -ηθεῖτε, -ηθείητε | -ηθεῖεν, -ηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ήθητῐ | -ηθήτω | -ήθητον | -ηθήτων | -ήθητε | -ηθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῆσαι | -ήσᾰσθαι | -ηθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ήσᾱς | -ησᾰ́μενος | -ηθείς | |||||||||
| f | -ήσᾱσᾰ | -ησᾰμένη | -ηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | -ῆσᾰν | -ησᾰ́μενον | -ηθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: -ηκᾰ, -ημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ηκᾰ | -ηκᾰς | -ηκε(ν) | -ήκᾰτον | -ήκᾰτον | -ήκᾰμεν | -ήκᾰτε | -ήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήκω | -ήκῃς | -ήκῃ | -ήκητον | -ήκητον | -ήκωμεν | -ήκητε | -ήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ήκοιμῐ, -ηκοίην | -ήκοις, -ηκοίης | -ήκοι, -ηκοίη | -ήκοιτον | -ηκοίτην | -ήκοιμεν | -ήκοιτε | -ήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ηκε | -ηκέτω | -ήκετον | -ηκέτων | -ήκετε | -ηκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ημαι | -ησαι | -ηται | -ησθον | -ησθον | -ήμεθᾰ | -ησθε | -ηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ημένος ὦ | -ημένος ᾖς | -ημένος ᾖ | -ημένω ἦτον | -ημένω ἦτον | -ημένοι ὦμεν | -ημένοι ἦτε | -ημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ημένος εἴην | -ημένος εἴης | -ημένος εἴη | -ημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | -ημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | -ημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | -ημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | -ημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | -ησο | -ήσθω | -ησθον | -ήσθων | -ησθε | -ήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ηκέναι | -ῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ηκώς | -ημένος | ||||||||||
| f | -ηκυῖᾰ | -ημένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ηκός | -ημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: -ήκειν, -ήμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήκειν, -ήκη | -ήκεις, -ήκης | -ήκει(ν) | -ήκετον | -ηκέτην | -ήκεμεν | -ήκετε | -ήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | -ήμην | -ησο | -ητο | -ησθον | -ήσθην | -ήμεθᾰ | -ησθε | -ηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -έω
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, §§ 522.2, 866