žemaitis
Lithuanian
Etymology
From žemas (nether) + -aitis patronimical suffix similar to also descent by locality indicating suffix -ietis. Partly comes as a retreatment or dialectal type of German forms such as Samaythen (as seen in for example Jurbarkas - Georgenburg), Samogitian from *sam-g- + -ite. Compare also Semigalian. Cognate to Sami, Lithuanian žmogus (“man”), Polish Żmudź (“Samogitian”), Sambia (German Samland (“Sambia”). For Lithuanian suffixes -aitis and -ietis, probably considerable is an alternation of /ai/ and /ie/ as in roots of Lithuanian kaimas (hamlet), Old Prussian kaims (hamlet) and Lithuanian kiemas (court, hamlet), Latvian ciems (hamlet). Alternatively or otherwise could be understood as a derivative of Samland and it's reconstructional form *Sam-au, what is suggested by a reference of the patronimical suffix -aitis to landname suffixes -ava, -uva or slavic family, gens or placename suffix -ov- and by corresponding areas of historical language spread. Also consider interlinguistic pairs pertaining to the region as in Litauen - Letland(ia), Nadrovia - "netherland", possibly Sambia (Samland) and Samland, possibly Karšuva (as in Karšuvos giria (Curonian woods)) and Curland (Curonia). A thus suggested reconstructional form *Sam-au would possibly be supported by Lithuanian and Latvian versus Old Prussian pair of a diphthong /au/ to /aa/ interlinguistic or/and interdialectal alternation (maybe only when under stress) as in saulė (sun) or saule and sale - Žemaitis versus *Samauith which in its turn could be supported by also pertaining to the part of country name Ziemowit or Semovit. For a suffix -it-, compare Moscowite, also for example Old Prussian Tilsit. More at Samogitian.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʒʲɛˈmɐjtʲɪs]
Noun
žemaĩtis m (plural žemaĩčiai, feminine žemaitė) stress pattern 2
- Samogitian; a person from Samogitia
Declension
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | žemaĩtis | žemaĩčiai |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | žemaĩčio | žemaĩčių |
| dative (naudininkas) | žemaĩčiui | žemaĩčiams |
| accusative (galininkas) | žemaĩtį | žemaičiùs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | žemaičiù | žemaĩčiais |
| locative (vietininkas) | žemaĩtyje | žemaĩčiuose |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | žemaĩti | žemaĩčiai |
Synonyms
- lietuvis
- baltas
- kuršis
- prūsas
- latvis
- lietuvininkas
- kuršininkas
Derived terms
- žemaitiškas
- žemaitiškai
Related terms
- Žemaitija
See also
- aukštaitis
- žmogus
- žemietis
Samogitian
Noun
žemaitis m (plural žemaitē)
- Samogitian; a person from Samogitia
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | žemaitis | žemaitio | žemaitē |
| genitive | žemaitė | žemaitiu | žemaitiu |
| dative | žemaitiou | žemaitems | žemaitems |
| accusative | žemaiti | žemaitio | žemaitius |
| instrumental | žemaitio | žemaitēs | žemaitēs |
| locative | žemaitie | žemaitiūs | žemaitiūs |
| vocative | žemaiti | žemaitio | žemaitē |
Derived terms
- žemaitėšks
- žemaitėškā