šmꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛmɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: shema

Proper noun

m

Upper Egypt

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šmꜥ

šmꜥ

Derived terms

ꜣby šmꜥ
jt-šmꜥ

Etymology 2

Traditionally considered a shortening of jt-šmꜥ (“Upper Egyptian barley”). Allen instead suggests that the word is a nominalized nisba adjective formed from šmꜥ (“thin”) +‎ -(j) (nisba ending), referring to barley with fewer grains than jt-mḥ (“full barley”).

Noun

m

barley of some kind; see the etymology section above for discussion

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to chant, to sing

Inflection

Conjugation of šmꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šmꜥ, geminated stem: šmꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šmꜥ	šmꜥw, šmꜥ	šmꜥt	šmꜥ	šmꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šmꜥ	ḥr šmꜥ	m šmꜥ	r šmꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	šmꜥ.n	consecutive	šmꜥ.jn
terminative	šmꜥt	consecutive	šmꜥ.jn
perfective³	šmꜥ	obligative¹	šmꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	šmꜥ	obligative¹	šmꜥ.ḫr
prospective³	šmꜥ	potentialis¹	šmꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	šmꜥ	potentialis¹	šmꜥ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	šmꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	šmꜥ	šmꜥ	šmꜥ, šmꜥw⁵, šmꜥy⁵
imperfective	šmꜥ, šmꜥy, šmꜥw⁵	šmꜥ, šmꜥj⁶, šmꜥy⁶	šmꜥ, šmꜥw⁵
prospective	šmꜥ, šmꜥtj⁷	šmꜥtj⁴, šmꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

šmꜥyt
šmꜥw

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 253.