ba

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ba"

Translingual

Symbol

ba

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Bashkir.

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Egyptian bꜣ,

Noun

ba (plural bas)

(Egyptian mythology) A being's soul or personality, represented as a bird-headed figure, which survives after death but must be sustained with offerings of food.
- 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 220:
  Any ordinary person who has ever floated out of his body during a nap knows what a Ba is, but unfortunately the dogmas of our materialistic culture constrain the person to ignore and repress his experience.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
  But the Ba, I remembered, could be seen as the mistress of your heart and might or might not decide to speak to you, just as the heart cannot always forgive.

Etymology 2

The sound is very commonly made by infants, and is interpreted by parents as a reference to themselves.

Noun

ba (plural bas) (not generally used in the plural)

(colloquial and in direct address) Father, baba.

Alternative forms

ba'

Noun

ba (uncountable)

(historical) A medieval football game played in parts of Scotland around Christmas and New Year.
- 2011, Alistair Moffat, The Borders:
  The townsmen played ba often and clearly knew what they were doing.

Noun

ba (plural bas)

Abbreviation of bathroom.
2 beds, 1 ba

Usage notes

Commonly found in apartment listings.

Anagrams

-ab, A&B, A.B., A/B, AB, Ab, a.b., ab, ab-, ab.

Akan

Verb

ba

(Fante) come

References

Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, Fundamentals of Phonetics, Phonology and Tonology (2008)

Anguthimri

Noun

ba

(Mpakwithi) island

References

Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

Bakung

ba

Noun

ba

water (clear liquid H₂O)
water (mineral water)

Bambara

Noun

ba

mother

Synonyms

bamuso
ma

Noun

bà

goat

Noun

bá

river, stream, lake

Numeral

bà

one thousand

Synonyms

waa

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/, [ba]

Particle

ba

Alternative form of ba-
Ba al zatoz? ― Are you coming?
Ba ote al dago inor etxean? ― Is anyone home?
Ba omen zegoen bidea ezagutzen zuen norbait. ― There was someone who knew the way.

Usage notes

See usage notes at ba-.

Etymology 2

Clipping of bada (“it is”)

Particle

ba

so, then, well
Ez nizun ba esan. ― Well, I didn't tell you.

Etymology 3

Clipping of bai (“yes”).

Particle

ba

(Northern) yes

Etymology 4

Probably from Spanish bah.

Interjection

ba

Indicates disdain or unbelief.

Borôro

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaː/

Noun

ba

egg

Buhi'non Bikol

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

bâ

flood

Cebuano

Pronunciation 1

(General Cebuano) IPA^(key): /ˈba/
Rhymes: -a

Particle

ba

interrogative particle
Kini ba ang Kabisay-an? ― Is this the Visayas?
Kamao ka ba molangoy? ― Do you know how to swim?

Pronunciation 2

(General Cebuano) IPA^(key): /ˈbaː/
Rhymes: -a

Etymology

Short for baba.

Verb

ba

to piggyback; to carry someone on the back

Chichewa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɓa/

Verb

-ba (infinitive kubá)

steal

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -bera
- Other formations: -ba mawu (“eavesdrop”)

Nominal derivations:
- wakuba (“thief”)

Chickasaw

Conjunction

ba

Alternative spelling of ba'

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

bo

Etymology

From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

Pronoun

ba

(Sette Comuni, relative) that; which; who
dar faff ba de pridighet ― the priest who preaches

Adverb

ba (dative bannont)

(Sette Comuni, interrogative) where
Ba pisto gabéest in gantzen tag?
Where have you been all day?

Adverb

ba

(Sette Comuni, attributive only) how (modifier used to express suprise, delight, etc.)
Ba khalt! ― How cold!

Related terms

éppadabaa

References

“ba” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dagbani

Noun

ba (plural banima)

father
a title of respect

Usage notes

obligatorily possessed: includes father's brothers, and in the plural all relatives on the father's side, particularly those of his generation.

Pronoun

ba

Third-person, animate, singular, neutral, object pronoun them

Dama (Sierra Leone)

Etymology

Cognate with Vai [script needed] (ba), Mende wa.

Adjective

ba

big

References

Dalby, T. D. P. (1963), “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

Duun

Etymology

Onomatopoeic?

Noun

ba

goat

Eastern Penan

Noun

ba

water

References

Dictionary of Eastern Penan

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/
Audio (file)

Noun

ba

(Egyptian mythology) ba

Fula

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

ba

question-forming interrogative particle (expressing doubt)

Garo

Etymology

Probably from Bengali বা (ba), which is a short form of কিংবা (kiṅba).

Conjunction

ba

or

Gothic

Romanization

ba

Romanization of 𐌱𐌰

Haitian Creole

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

ba

give

Synonyms

ban
bay

Hlai

Pronunciation

(Standard Hlai, Baoding) IPA^(key): /pa˥˧/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hlai *hmaː (“five”), from Pre-Hlai *maː (Norquest, 2015).

Numeral

ba

five

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hlai *hmaː (“dog; hunting dog”), from Pre-Hlai *maː (Norquest, 2015). Compare Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”) (whence Thai หมา (mǎa)).

Noun

ba

dog, hunting dog

Iban

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [baʔ]
Rhymes: -ba, -a

Preposition

ba

in
ba Kuching
in Kuching
at
ba sungai
at the river
on
ba atas jalai
on the road

Iriga Bicolano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

bâ

flood

Irish

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /bˠɑ(h)/[1]
(Aran) IPA^(key): /bˠɑ/
(Connemara, Mayo) IPA^(key): /bˠa/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠah/[2]

Noun

ba f pl

plural of bó
Tá na ba sa mhá. ― The cows are in the field.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ba.

Alternative forms

(affirmative): b’ (used before a vowel sound except for the pronouns é, í, iad, ea)
(relative): ab (used before a vowel sound)
badh (archaic)
budh (superseded)
dob, dob' (dialectal equivalent of b’)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bˠə/

Particle

ba (triggers lenition)

past/conditional affirmative of is
Ba é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall was the teacher.
Ba mhaith liom cupán tae. ― I would like a cup of tea.
past/conditional direct relative of is (used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives)
fear ba shine ná m'athair ― a man (who was) older than my father

Related terms

Irish copular forms

Simple copular forms

Present/future
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	is	ní	an	nach
Direct relative clauses	is	nach
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arb^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurb^v		an	nach
Past/conditional
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	ba, b’^v	níor, níorbh^v	ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Direct relative clauses	ba, ab^v	nár, nárbh^v
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arbh^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurbh^v		ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Present subjunctive
	Affirmative	Negative
	gura, gurab^v	nára, nárab^v

Compound copular forms

Base word	Present/future	Past/conditional
cá	cár, cárb^v	cár, cárbh^v
cé	cér, cérb^v	cér, cérbh^v
dá		dá mba, dá mb’^v
de/do	dar, darb^v	dar, darbh^v
faoi	faoinar, faoinarb^v	faoinar, faoinarbh^v
i	inar, inarb^v	inar, inarbh^v
le	lenar, lenarb^v	lenar, lenarbh^v
má	más	má ba, má b’^v
mura	mura, murab^v	murar, murarbh^v
ó (prep.)	ónar, ónarb^v	ónar, ónarbh^v
ó (conj.)	ós	ó ba, ó b’^v
trí	trínar, trínarb^v	trínar, trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ba	bha	mba
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 59
Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925), Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt, Belfast: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], § 2.

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈba/
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: bà

Interjection

ba

bah!
oh well!

Anagrams

ab-

Japanese

Romanization

ba

Rōmaji transcription of ば
Rōmaji transcription of バ

Kriol

Preposition

ba

Alternative form of blanga

Lhao Vo

Etymology

Uncertain.

Noun

ba

sun

Verb

ba

to know; to understand.

References

Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Malagasy

Etymology 1

From English bar.

Noun

ba

(music) bar; measure

Etymology 2

From French bas (“stocking”).

Noun

ba

stockings; socks
knitting

Mandarin

Pronunciation

Audio (Liaoning) (file)

Romanization

ba (ba⁵ / ba⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄅㄚ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吧, 罷／罢, 罢.

ba

Nonstandard spelling of bā.
Nonstandard spelling of bá.
Nonstandard spelling of bǎ.
Nonstandard spelling of bà.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle English

Etymology

Form of *bān, from (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Verb

bā

Imperative form of of *bān (“to kiss”)
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868:
  Com neer, my spouse, lat me ba thy cheke!
  (please add an English translation of this quote)

Miraya Bikol

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

bâ

flood

Nias

Preposition

ba

in, at, on (general preposition for locative adjuncts)

References

Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 22–23.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *HwáHatah (“wind”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬋‎ (vātō), Pashto and Persian ‎ (bâd)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwáHatas (“wind”) (compare Sanskrit वात (vā́ta)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɑː/
Rhymes: -ɑː
(file)

Noun

Central Kurdish	با‎ (ba)
Zazaki	vay

ba m (Arabic spelling با‎)

weather
wind

Declension

Declension of ba

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ba	ba
Construct	bayê	bayên
Oblique	bayî	bayan
Demonstrative oblique	wî bayî	wan bayan
Vocative	bayo	bayino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bayek	bayin
Construct	bayekî	bayine
Oblique	bayekî	bayinan

Derived terms

babelîsk
baberik
badar
badarî
bader
bager
bahoz
bakur
bakurî
bakêş
bareş
barove
başûr
başûrî
hireba
sîseban

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

bad

Verb

ba

simple past of be

Old Irish

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

(2nd sg. pres. subj.): be

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ba]

Verb

ba

inflection of is:
1. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. second-person singular imperative
3. third-person singular preterite/imperfect indicative nonrelative/relative

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [va(ː)]

Conjunction

ba

Alternative form of fa (“or”)

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ba. First attested in 1414.

Particle

ba

nay, or rather, or should I say, moreover, hell used to say that what has been said thus far is true, but could be said more accurately
Transition particle; well, well then

Descendants

Polish: ba

References

B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/

Particle

ba (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بہ)

Marker with a (switch-)topic function (variously corresponding to 'and, however, instead, as for, but')

References

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

-ba

to be
to become

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish ba, from Proto-Slavic *ba. First attested in 1414.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: ba

Particle

ba

nay, or rather, or should I say, moreover, hell used to say that what has been said thus far is true, but could be said more accurately
Synonyms: mało tego, więcej
To danie jest dobre, ba, przepyszne. ― This dish is good, nay, delicious!
duh, obviously used when the speaker believes what has been said is obvious
"On jest trochę głupi, co?" "Ba!" ― "He's a little dumb, isn't he?" "Duh".

Derived terms

noun

(possibly) bajbardzo

particle

no ba

References

B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Romagnol

Alternative forms

bab

Etymology

From Latin *babbus (“dad”), of Onomatopoeic origin.

Pronunciation

(Central Romagnol): IPA^(key): [ˈbaɐ̯]

Noun

ba m (plural bëb)

father, dad
Ba ’d famèja ― Paterfamilias

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1999) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano (in Italian), Zanichelli
Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 33

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíba.

Verb

-bá (infinitive kubá)

to steal

Spanish

Verb

ba

Alternative form of va

Sumerian

Romanization

ba

Romanization of 𒁀 (ba)

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

-ba

to be
to become

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɑː/

Adverb

ba (not comparable)

(colloquial) Apocopic form of bara, corresponds to ”was (just) like” or ”just”.
Ja ba: ”Vafan är det!” o han ba: ”Ingen aning!”.
I was (just) like: ”Wtf is that!” and he was (just) like ”No idea!”.
Asså allt ba spåra' direkt.
Y'know everything just went crazy the second it started.

Anagrams

AB, Ab

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba₅, or shortened form of baga. Cognate with Cebuano ba and Malagasy va.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/, [bɐ]

Particle

ba

marks a sentence as interrogative
Synonyms: (dialectal) ga, (dialectal) baga, (obsolete) kaya
Mayroon ka bang pera?
Do you have money?

Etymology 2

Clipping of aba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/, [bɐ]

Interjection

ba

used in expressing surprise or disgust

Etymology 3

Clipping of bulaga.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaʔ/, [ˈbaʔ]

Interjection

bâ

boo (used in play-scare with babies)
Synonym: ga

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/, [bɐ]

Noun

ba

The name of the Latin-script letter B.

Tiruray

Noun

ba

(anatomy) mouth

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *bʷa, possibly from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/

Verb

ba

to not be
Synonym: bali

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaː˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaː˧˧]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 爸 (“father”, SV: bả).

Noun

ba

(chiefly Southern Vietnam) father

Synonyms

áng; bác; bọ; bố; cậu; cha; thầy; tía

Etymology 2

**Vietnamese cardinal numbers**
< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal : ba Ordinal : thứba

From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *piʔ; cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ (pi).

Numeral

ba • (𠀧, 巴)

three

Adjective

ba • (𠀧, 巴)

(Southern Vietnam, of a sibling) secondborn
anh/chị ba ― second eldest brother/sister
bác ba ― second eldest brother/sister of one's parent
chú ba ― secondborn younger brother of one's father

Derived terms

ba phải
ba xạo
dăm ba
tháng ba
thứ ba

Determiner

ba

(colloquial) some, an indefinite quantity greater than one
Ba cái đó chả đáng quan tâm.
There's no need to be concerned about those.

Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 波.

Noun

ba

(only in compounds) wave; ripple

Derived terms

Ba Lan (波蘭, “Poland”)
Ba Tư (波斯, “Persia”)
bôn ba (奔波, “to scurry; bustle; rush around”)
vi ba (微波, “microwave”)
âm ba (音波, “sound wave”)

Volapük

Adverb

ba

perhaps

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

bâ

flood

West Makian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/

Noun

ba

the vagina

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

-ba

to be
to become

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yapese

Verb

ba

(auxiliary) to be (doing something); forms the present tense

Yola

Alternative forms

bee, be, b'

Etymology

From Middle English been, from Old English bēon, from Proto-West Germanic *beun.

Verb

ba (inflected forms aam, yarth, ez, beeth, bin, waz, wasth, war)

be, been
are

References

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 24

Yoruba

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bà/

Verb

bà

to ferment
kòkó ti bà ― The cocoa seeds have fermented
to carry out the process of fermentation on seeds or plants

Usage notes

ba before a direct object

Derived terms

ìbà (“act of fermenting”)
ìdíbá-nǹkan (“fermentation”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bà/

Verb

bà

(horticulture) to plant seeds in prepared pots for future transplanting into a farm (when it becomes an established seedling)
ba òrom̀bó ― To plant lemon seeds for future transplanting

Usage notes

ba before a direct object

Derived terms

ìbà

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bà/

Verb

bà

to press a wound; to apply a warm compress on a wound
Synonym: mọ́
ba ojú egbò ― To apply a warm compress to a wound

Usage notes

ba before a direct object

Derived terms

ìbà

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bà/

Verb

bà

to hit (with an impact)
ọfà á bà wọ́n ― The arrow hit them
to be overcome with fear (literally, to be hit with fear)
ẹ̀rú bà wá ― Fear overcame us
(usually used with ilẹ̀) to be too long or oversized (to hit the ground)
agbádá yìí bà mí nílẹ̀ ― The agbada was too big for me

Usage notes

ba before a direct object

Derived terms

ìbà
dẹ́rùbà (“to scare”)
bẹ̀rù (“to fear”)
ìbẹ̀rù (“fear”)

Zaghawa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba/

Noun

ba

arm

References

Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Cognate with Yatzachi Zapotec ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba˦/

Noun

ba

hot weather (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

chex̱ba
gwba
lagüeꞌ ba

Etymology 2

Cognate with Isthmus Zapotec baꞌ, Yatzachi Zapotec ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba˩/

Noun

ba

grave, tomb

Etymology 3

Cognate with Yatzachi Zapotec ba-.

Adverb

ba

already

References

Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3

Zou

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba˧/

Verb

ba

(transitive) to owe

Etymology 2

Ba (2).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba˧˩/

Noun

bà

bat (mammal)

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 44, 45

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

-ba

to be
to become

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuba	ukungabi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yiba	-be
Plural	yibani	-beni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaba, ngiba	engibayo, engiba	ngiba	angibi	engingabi	ngingabi
2nd singular	uyaba, uba	obayo, oba	uba	awubi	ongabi	ungabi
1st plural	siyaba, siba	esibayo, esiba	siba	asibi	esingabi	singabi
2nd plural	niyaba, niba	enibayo, eniba	niba	anibi	eningabi	ningabi
Class 1	uyaba, uba	obayo, oba	eba	akabi	ongabi	engabi
Class 2	bayaba, baba	ababayo, ababa	beba	ababi	abangabi	bengabi
Class 3	uyaba, uba	obayo, oba	uba	awubi	ongabi	ungabi
Class 4	iyaba, iba	ebayo, eba	iba	ayibi	engabi	ingabi
Class 5	liyaba, liba	elibayo, eliba	liba	alibi	elingabi	lingabi
Class 6	ayaba, aba	abayo, aba	eba	awabi	angabi	engabi
Class 7	siyaba, siba	esibayo, esiba	siba	asibi	esingabi	singabi
Class 8	ziyaba, ziba	ezibayo, eziba	ziba	azibi	ezingabi	zingabi
Class 9	iyaba, iba	ebayo, eba	iba	ayibi	engabi	ingabi
Class 10	ziyaba, ziba	ezibayo, eziba	ziba	azibi	ezingabi	zingabi
Class 11	luyaba, luba	olubayo, oluba	luba	alubi	olungabi	lungabi
Class 14	buyaba, buba	obubayo, obuba	buba	abubi	obungabi	bungabi
Class 15	kuyaba, kuba	okubayo, okuba	kuba	akubi	okungabi	kungabi
Class 17	kuyaba, kuba	okubayo, okuba	kuba	akubi	okungabi	kungabi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngibile, ngibē	engibile, engibē	ngibile, ngibē	angibanga	engingabanga	ngingabanga
2nd singular	ubile, ubē	obile, obē	ubile, ubē	awubanga	ongabanga	ungabanga
1st plural	sibile, sibē	esibile, esibē	sibile, sibē	asibanga	esingabanga	singabanga
2nd plural	nibile, nibē	enibile, enibē	nibile, nibē	anibanga	eningabanga	ningabanga
Class 1	ubile, ubē	obile, obē	ebile, ebē	akabanga	ongabanga	engabanga
Class 2	babile, babē	ababile, ababē	bebile, bebē	ababanga	abangabanga	bengabanga
Class 3	ubile, ubē	obile, obē	ubile, ubē	awubanga	ongabanga	ungabanga
Class 4	ibile, ibē	ebile, ebē	ibile, ibē	ayibanga	engabanga	ingabanga
Class 5	libile, libē	elibile, elibē	libile, libē	alibanga	elingabanga	lingabanga
Class 6	abile, abē	abile, abē	ebile, ebē	awabanga	angabanga	engabanga
Class 7	sibile, sibē	esibile, esibē	sibile, sibē	asibanga	esingabanga	singabanga
Class 8	zibile, zibē	ezibile, ezibē	zibile, zibē	azibanga	ezingabanga	zingabanga
Class 9	ibile, ibē	ebile, ebē	ibile, ibē	ayibanga	engabanga	ingabanga
Class 10	zibile, zibē	ezibile, ezibē	zibile, zibē	azibanga	ezingabanga	zingabanga
Class 11	lubile, lubē	olubile, olubē	lubile, lubē	alubanga	olungabanga	lungabanga
Class 14	bubile, bubē	obubile, obubē	bubile, bubē	abubanga	obungabanga	bungabanga
Class 15	kubile, kubē	okubile, okubē	kubile, kubē	akubanga	okungabanga	kungabanga
Class 17	kubile, kubē	okubile, okubē	kubile, kubē	akubanga	okungabanga	kungabanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāba	engāba	ngāba	angibanga	engingabanga	ngingabanga
2nd singular	wāba	owāba	wāba	awubanga	ongabanga	ungabanga
1st plural	sāba	esāba	sāba	asibanga	esingabanga	singabanga
2nd plural	nāba	enāba	nāba	anibanga	eningabanga	ningabanga
Class 1	wāba	owāba	āba	akabanga	ongabanga	engabanga
Class 2	bāba	abāba	bāba	ababanga	abangabanga	bengabanga
Class 3	wāba	owāba	wāba	awubanga	ongabanga	ungabanga
Class 4	yāba	eyāba	yāba	ayibanga	engabanga	ingabanga
Class 5	lāba	elāba	lāba	alibanga	elingabanga	lingabanga
Class 6	āba	āba	āba	awabanga	angabanga	engabanga
Class 7	sāba	esāba	sāba	asibanga	esingabanga	singabanga
Class 8	zāba	ezāba	zāba	azibanga	ezingabanga	zingabanga
Class 9	yāba	eyāba	yāba	ayibanga	engabanga	ingabanga
Class 10	zāba	ezāba	zāba	azibanga	ezingabanga	zingabanga
Class 11	lwāba	olwāba	lwāba	alubanga	olungabanga	lungabanga
Class 14	bāba	obāba	bāba	abubanga	obungabanga	bungabanga
Class 15	kwāba	okwāba	kwāba	akubanga	okungabanga	kungabanga
Class 17	kwāba	okwāba	kwāba	akubanga	okungabanga	kungabanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaba	—	ngingaba	ngingebe	—	ngingebe
2nd singular	ungaba	—	ungaba	ungebe	—	ungebe
1st plural	singaba	—	singaba	singebe	—	singebe
2nd plural	ningaba	—	ningaba	ningebe	—	ningebe
Class 1	angaba	—	engaba	angebe	—	engebe
Class 2	bangaba	—	bengaba	bangebe	—	bengebe
Class 3	ungaba	—	ungaba	ungebe	—	ungebe
Class 4	ingaba	—	ingaba	ingebe	—	ingebe
Class 5	lingaba	—	lingaba	lingebe	—	lingebe
Class 6	angaba	—	engaba	angebe	—	engebe
Class 7	singaba	—	singaba	singebe	—	singebe
Class 8	zingaba	—	zingaba	zingebe	—	zingebe
Class 9	ingaba	—	ingaba	ingebe	—	ingebe
Class 10	zingaba	—	zingaba	zingebe	—	zingebe
Class 11	lungaba	—	lungaba	lungebe	—	lungebe
Class 14	bungaba	—	bungaba	bungebe	—	bungebe
Class 15	kungaba	—	kungaba	kungebe	—	kungebe
Class 17	kungaba	—	kungaba	kungebe	—	kungebe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokuba	engizokuba	ngizokuba	angizukuba	engingezukuba	ngingezukuba
2nd singular	uzokuba	ozokuba	uzokuba	awuzukuba	ongezukuba	ungezukuba
1st plural	sizokuba	esizokuba	sizokuba	asizukuba	esingezukuba	singezukuba
2nd plural	nizokuba	enizokuba	nizokuba	anizukuba	eningezukuba	ningezukuba
Class 1	uzokuba	ozokuba	ezokuba	akazukuba	ongezukuba	engezukuba
Class 2	bazokuba	abazokuba	bezokuba	abazukuba	abangezukuba	bengezukuba
Class 3	uzokuba	ozokuba	uzokuba	awuzukuba	ongezukuba	ungezukuba
Class 4	izokuba	ezokuba	izokuba	ayizukuba	engezukuba	ingezukuba
Class 5	lizokuba	elizokuba	lizokuba	alizukuba	elingezukuba	lingezukuba
Class 6	azokuba	azokuba	ezokuba	awazukuba	angezukuba	engezukuba
Class 7	sizokuba	esizokuba	sizokuba	asizukuba	esingezukuba	singezukuba
Class 8	zizokuba	ezizokuba	zizokuba	azizukuba	ezingezukuba	zingezukuba
Class 9	izokuba	ezokuba	izokuba	ayizukuba	engezukuba	ingezukuba
Class 10	zizokuba	ezizokuba	zizokuba	azizukuba	ezingezukuba	zingezukuba
Class 11	luzokuba	oluzokuba	luzokuba	aluzukuba	olungezukuba	lungezukuba
Class 14	buzokuba	obuzokuba	buzokuba	abuzukuba	obungezukuba	bungezukuba
Class 15	kuzokuba	okuzokuba	kuzokuba	akuzukuba	okungezukuba	kungezukuba
Class 17	kuzokuba	okuzokuba	kuzokuba	akuzukuba	okungezukuba	kungezukuba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokuba	engiyokuba	ngiyokuba	angiyukuba	engingeyukuba	ngingeyukuba
2nd singular	uyokuba	oyokuba	uyokuba	awuyukuba	ongeyukuba	ungeyukuba
1st plural	siyokuba	esiyokuba	siyokuba	asiyukuba	esingeyukuba	singeyukuba
2nd plural	niyokuba	eniyokuba	niyokuba	aniyukuba	eningeyukuba	ningeyukuba
Class 1	uyokuba	oyokuba	eyokuba	akayukuba	ongeyukuba	engeyukuba
Class 2	bayokuba	abayokuba	beyokuba	abayukuba	abangeyukuba	bengeyukuba
Class 3	uyokuba	oyokuba	uyokuba	awuyukuba	ongeyukuba	ungeyukuba
Class 4	iyokuba	eyokuba	iyokuba	ayiyukuba	engeyukuba	ingeyukuba
Class 5	liyokuba	eliyokuba	liyokuba	aliyukuba	elingeyukuba	lingeyukuba
Class 6	ayokuba	ayokuba	eyokuba	awayukuba	angeyukuba	engeyukuba
Class 7	siyokuba	esiyokuba	siyokuba	asiyukuba	esingeyukuba	singeyukuba
Class 8	ziyokuba	eziyokuba	ziyokuba	aziyukuba	ezingeyukuba	zingeyukuba
Class 9	iyokuba	eyokuba	iyokuba	ayiyukuba	engeyukuba	ingeyukuba
Class 10	ziyokuba	eziyokuba	ziyokuba	aziyukuba	ezingeyukuba	zingeyukuba
Class 11	luyokuba	oluyokuba	luyokuba	aluyukuba	olungeyukuba	lungeyukuba
Class 14	buyokuba	obuyokuba	buyokuba	abuyukuba	obungeyukuba	bungeyukuba
Class 15	kuyokuba	okuyokuba	kuyokuba	akuyukuba	okungeyukuba	kungeyukuba
Class 17	kuyokuba	okuyokuba	kuyokuba	akuyukuba	okungeyukuba	kungeyukuba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngibe	ngingabi
2nd singular	ube	ungabi
1st plural	sibe	singabi
2nd plural	nibe	ningabi
Class 1	abe	angabi
Class 2	babe	bangabi
Class 3	ube	ungabi
Class 4	ibe	ingabi
Class 5	libe	lingabi
Class 6	abe	angabi
Class 7	sibe	singabi
Class 8	zibe	zingabi
Class 9	ibe	ingabi
Class 10	zibe	zingabi
Class 11	lube	lungabi
Class 14	bube	bungabi
Class 15	kube	kungabi
Class 17	kube	kungabi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaba	ngangaba, angaba, angangaba
2nd singular	waba	wangaba, awaba, awangaba
1st plural	saba	sangaba, asaba, asangaba
2nd plural	naba	nangaba, anaba, anangaba
Class 1	waba	wangaba, akaba, akangaba
Class 2	baba	bangaba, ababa, abangaba
Class 3	waba	wangaba, awaba, awangaba
Class 4	yaba	yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba
Class 5	laba	langaba, alaba, alangaba
Class 6	aba	angaba, awaba, awangaba
Class 7	saba	sangaba, asaba, asangaba
Class 8	zaba	zangaba, azaba, azangaba
Class 9	yaba	yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba
Class 10	zaba	zangaba, azaba, azangaba
Class 11	lwaba	lwangaba, alwaba, alwangaba
Class 14	baba	bangaba, ababa, abangaba
Class 15	kwaba	kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba
Class 17	kwaba	kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ɓa”

[1] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 59

[2] Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925), Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt, Belfast: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], § 2.

[3] B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

ba

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Alternative forms

Noun

Noun

Usage notes

Anagrams

Akan

Verb

References

Anguthimri

Noun

References

Bakung

Noun

Bambara

Noun

Synonyms

Noun

Noun

Numeral

Synonyms

Basque

Pronunciation

Particle

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Particle

Etymology 3

Particle

Etymology 4

Interjection

Further reading

Borôro

Pronunciation

Noun

Buhi'non Bikol

Etymology

Noun

Cebuano

Pronunciation 1

Particle

Pronunciation 2

Etymology

Verb

Chichewa

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Chickasaw

Conjunction

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Adverb

Adverb

Related terms

References

Dagbani

Noun

Usage notes

See also

Pronoun

See also

Dama (Sierra Leone)

Etymology

Adjective

References

Duun

Etymology

Noun

Further reading