aš

aš

See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"

Lithuanian

Alternative forms

• ašai

Etymology

From Old Lithuanian eš, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, *eś; compare Latvian es, Old Prussian es/as, Sudovian es, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ-, *h₁eǵHom (“I”). Compare Sanskrit अहम् (aham), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Old Armenian ես (es), Latin egō. The final *-ś in Baltic is perhaps a result of sandhi or final obstruent devoicing.

Notable parallels of the vowel change observed in Lithuanian eš > aš include:

• Old Lithuanian ešva, cf. modern ašvà (“mare”), Old Prussian aswinan (“mare's milk”)
• Lithuanian ẽglė, cf. dialectal aglė, Old Prussian addle (“fir tree”).

These forms were perhaps carried on from dialects where *e- regularly gives a-.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɐʃ/

Pronoun

àš

1. (first-person singular) I

Declension

declension of aš

	singular		dual		plural
nominative	àš		mùdu m, mùdvi f		mẽs
genitive	manę̃s		mùdviejų		mū́sų
dative	mán		mùdviem		mùms
accusative	manè		mùdu m, mùdvi f		mùs
instrumental	manimì, manim̃		mùdviem		mumìs
locative	manyjè, manỹ		mùdviese		mumysè

• The genitive in -ęs is from an accusative stem *manen + the genitive ending -s.[2]
• The dative form is from an earlier mãni, with compensatory acute accuentation (compare Latvian man).
• The accusative continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *mene; compare Latvian acc. sg. mani, Old Prussian acc. sg. mien, Proto-Slavic gen. sg. *mene.[3]

Derived terms

See mano;

• mandings
• aiman

See also

Lithuanian personal pronouns

	singular (vienaskaita)					dual (dviskaita)							plural (daugiskaita)					reflexive (sangrąžiniai)
	1st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3rd person (trečiasis asmuo)			1st person		2nd person		3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			m	f		m	f	m	f	m	f				m	f
nominative (vardininkas)	àš	tù	jìs, jisaĩ	jì, jinaĩ		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu, jiẽdu	jiẽdvi		mẽs	jū̃s	jiẽ	jõs		-
genitive (kilmininkas)	manę̃s	tavę̃s	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			savę̃s
dative (naudininkas)	mán	táu	jám	jái		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mùms	jùms	jíems	jóms		sáu
accusative (galininkas)	manè	tavè	jį̃	ją̃		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu	jiẽdvi		mùs	jùs	juõs	jàs		savè
instrumental (įnagininkas)	manimì, manim̃	tavimì, tavim̃	juõ	jà		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mumìs	jumìs	jaĩs	jomìs		savimì, savim̃
locative (vietininkas)	manyjè, manỹ	tavyjè, tavỹ	jamè	jojè		mùdviese		jùdviese		jiẽdviese			mumysè	jumysè	juosè	josè		savyjè, savỹ
possessive (savybiniai)	màno	tàvo	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			sàvo

References

1. Rick Derksen (2002) '"Rozwadowski's change" in Baltic', Baltų Filologija, vol. 11, no. 1, pg. 5-12
2. Vytautas Ambrazas ed. (1997) Lithuanian Grammar. Vilnius: Institute of the Lithuanian Language, page 208
3. Vytautas Mažiulis (2006) Historical Grammar of Old Prussian, page 78

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Serbo-Croatian

Conjunction

aš

1. (Chakavian) because

Synonyms

• jer