þi
See also: thi
Middle English
Etymology 1
An apocopic form of þin, þine, thyn, from Old English þīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz.
Alternative forms
- they, thi, thy, ti, ty, þei, þey, þhi, þy, yi, yhi
Pronunciation
- (stressed) IPA(key): /θiː/, /ðiː/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /ði/[1][2]
- (after /t/, /d/, especially early) IPA(key): /tiː/, /ti/
Determiner
þi (nominative pronoun þou)
- second-person singular possessive determiner: thy, your[3]
Usage notes
When followed by a word starting with a vowel or h-, þin or one of its variants is typically used.
Descendants
- English: thy
- Yola: thee, th'
See also
Middle English personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 | min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 | þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 | him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo | hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 | his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 | hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- Brink, Daniel (1992), “Variation between <þ-> and <t-> in the Ormulum”, in Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr and Robert L. Kyes, editors, On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and Methods (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs; 68), De Gruyter Mouton, DOI:, →ISBN, pages 21-35.
- Thurber, Beverly A. (15 February 2011), “Voicing of Initial Interdental Fricatives in Early Middle English Function Words”, in Journal of Germanic Linguistics, volume 23, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, DOI:, pages 65-81.
- “thin, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Determiner
þi
- (Northern) Alternative form of þe (“the”)
Pronoun
þi
- Alternative form of þe (“thee”)
Pronoun
þi
- Alternative form of þei (“they”)
Adverb
þi
- Alternative form of þe (“the”)
Noun
þi (plural þies)
- Alternative form of þigh (“thigh”)
Old English
Article
þī
- Alternative form of þȳ
Determiner
þī
- Alternative form of þȳ
Pronoun
þī
- Alternative form of þȳ