-þ
See also: þ, Ϸ, Þ, and Appendix:Variations of "th"
Gothic
Romanization
-þ
- Romanization of -𐌸
Middle English
Suffix
-þ
- Alternative form of -th
Suffix
-þ
- Alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θ/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-iþu, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō.
Alternative forms
- -þu, -þo, -t, -to
Suffix
-þ
- forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels
- fūl (“foul, polluted”) + -þ → fȳlþ (“filth, foulness”)
- earm (“poor”) + -þ → iermþ (“poverty”)
- þēof (“thief”) + -þ → þīefþ (“theft”)
Declension
Declension of -þ (strong ō-stem)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | -þ | -þa, -þe |
accusative | -þe | -þa, -þe |
genitive | -þe | -þa |
dative | -þe | -þum |
Derived terms
Old English terms suffixed with -þ
Descendants
- Middle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth; -t, -te
- English: -th, -t
- Scots: -th, -t
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-þu, from Proto-Germanic *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.
Alternative forms
- -d, -t
Suffix
-þ
- forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels
- fyrhþ ― firth
Declension
Declension of -þ (strong u-stem)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | -þ | -þa |
accusative | -þ | -þa |
genitive | -þa | -þa |
dative | -þa | -þum |
Descendants
- Middle English: -th, -d, -þ, -þe; -t, -te (conflated with -þ < *-þiz)
- English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
- Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.
Alternative forms
- -d, -t
Suffix
-þ
- (non-productive) forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels
- wifþ ― weft
Declension
Declension of -þ (strong i-stem)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | -þ | -þe, -þa |
accusative | -þ, -þe | -þe, -þa |
genitive | -þe | -þa |
dative | -þe | -þum |
Descendants
- Middle English: -th, -d, -þ, -þe; -t, -te (conflated with -þ < *-þuz)
- English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
- Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)