úr
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ur"
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).
Preposition
úr (+ dative)
- out of
- fara úr klæðunum ― to undress
- draga bátúr neysti ― to pull a boat out of the boathouse
- úr jarni, viði, gulli ― (made) of iron, wood, wool
- from
- drekkaúr fløsku ― to drink from the bottle
- faraúr einum felag ― to resign from a club
- hann slappúr oynni ― he left the island
- staðúr stað ― from place to place
- úr øllum ættum ― from everywhere
- hann kemurúr Onglandi ― he comes from England
- umsetaúr enskum ― translate from English
- off
- í ein útnyrðingúr Føroyum ― in the northwest off the Faroes
Antonyms
- í (“in”)
Adverb
úr
- in expressions
- havaúr at gera ― to have much to do
- verðaúr ― to happen
Synonyms
- (much): nógv
- (to happen): henda
Hungarian
Etymology
- From Proto-Ugric *ŭra, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).[1]
Less likely
- Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.
- From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hri-, cf. Sanskrit sūrí (“lord, sacrificial lord”) [2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈuːr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uːr
Noun
úr (plural urak)
- master (someone who has control over something or someone)
- Synonym: (owner of a dog) gazda
- Antonym: szolga (“slave”)
- (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.
- Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.
- Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.
- Synonym: Isten
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- gentleman
- Synonym: úriember
- Coordinate term: hölgy
- Kint áll egy úr, és azt kérdezi, bejöhet-e. ― There is a gentleman standing outside, asking if he may come in.
- (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)
- Coordinate terms: asszony, hölgy, kisasszony, fiatalember
- Uram! ― Sir!
- Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!
- (after surnames and certain occupational titles)Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)
- Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)
- doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)
- Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő
- (with a possessive suffix) (dated, folksy) husband
- Az urammal egy vonatúton ismerkedtünk meg. ― My husband and I met each other on a train ride.
- Synonyms: férj, férjeura
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | úr | urak |
| accusative | urat | urakat |
| dative | úrnak | uraknak |
| instrumental | úrral | urakkal |
| causal-final | úrért | urakért |
| translative | úrrá | urakká |
| terminative | úrig | urakig |
| essive-formal | úrként | urakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | úrban | urakban |
| superessive | úron | urakon |
| adessive | úrnál | uraknál |
| illative | úrba | urakba |
| sublative | úrra | urakra |
| allative | úrhoz | urakhoz |
| elative | úrból | urakból |
| delative | úrról | urakról |
| ablative | úrtól | uraktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | úré | uraké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | úréi | urakéi |
| Possessive forms of úr | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | uram | uraim |
| 2nd person sing. | urad | uraid |
| 3rd person sing. | ura | urai |
| 1st person plural | urunk | uraink |
| 2nd person plural | uratok | uraitok |
| 3rd person plural | uruk | uraik |
Derived terms
- uradalom
- ural
- uralkodó
- uralom
- uraság
- uraz
- urizál
- úri
Compound words
- földesúr
- teremburáját
- úrnő
- úrvacsora
Expressions
- hölgyeim és uraim
References
- Entry #1094 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- Holopainen, Sampsa (2016). "On the etymology of Hungarian úr ‘lord, gentleman’ and its possible cognates". Folia Uralica Debreceniensia 23, 57–68.
Further reading
- úr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uːr/
- Rhymes: -uːr
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).
Noun
úr n (genitive singular úrs, nominative plural úr)
- clock
- watch
Declension
declension of úr
| n-s | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | úr | úrið | úr | úrin |
| accusative | úr | úrið | úr | úrin |
| dative | úri | úrinu | úrum | úrunum |
| genitive | úrs | úrsins | úra | úranna |
Derived terms
- armbandsúr
Etymology 2
From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.
Preposition
úr
- out of
- from
- Hver stal kökunniúr krúsinni í gær?
- Who stole the cookie from the jar (cookie jar) last night?
Derived terms
- bæta úr skák
- draga úr
- fara úr öskunni í eldinn
- ganga úr skugga um
- hrista fram úr erminni
- láta hendur standa fram úr ermum
- skara fram úr
- velta upp úr brauðmylsnu
- velta upp úr hveiti
- vera eins og álfur út úr hól
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uːɾˠ/
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish úr, from Old Irish úr (“fresh, new”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.
Adjective
úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)
- fresh; new
- free, liberal
- moist
Declension
Declension of úr
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | úr | úr | úra | |
| Vocative | úir | úra | ||
| Genitive | úre | úra | úr | |
| Dative | úr | úr; úir (archaic) | úra | |
| Comparative | níos úre | |||
| Superlative | is úre | |||
Derived terms
- Oileán Úr
- úraigh
- úrscéal
Noun
úr m (genitive singular úir)
- anything fresh or new
Declension
Declension of úr
First declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
úr m (genitive singular úra)
- (literary) heath
- (literary) letter U in Ogham alphabet
Declension
Declension of úr
Third declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Noun
úr m (genitive singular úir, nominative plural úir)
- Alternative form of iúr (“yew”)
Declension
Declension of úr
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Determiner
úr
- Alternative form of bhur (“your pl”)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| úr | n-úr | húr | t-úr |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 úr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “úr” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “úr” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN