-östül

-östül

Hungarian

Etymology

-ö- +‎ -stül

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [øʃtyl]

Suffix

-östül

1. (adverb-forming suffix) with, together with, along with. Used to form the sociative case (sometimes also referred to as comitative case), although it is not an actual case from a strictly syntactic point of view.

Usage notes

• (adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -stul is added to back vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  ruha (“clothes”) → ruhástul – with his/her/their clothes on

  -stül is added to front vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

  bögre (“mug”) → bögréstül – along with his/her/their mug

  -ostul is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  család (“family”) → családostul – together with his/her/their family

  -astul is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  héj (“peel, shell”) → héjastul – including its peel/shell

  -estül is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  gyerek (“child”) → gyerekestül – along with his/her/their child or children

  -östül is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  öltöny (“suit”) → öltönyöstül – in his/her/their suit

• Although it is similar to the instrumental case suffixes -val and -vel (and sometimes interchangeable with it, with the notable exception of referring to the instrument of the action), its usage is more limited. It creates the idea that the group of people or things mentioned comprises a single unit and it inherently belongs together.
• It can only be added to singular nouns. Some of the words it occurs with: család, kamat, csapat, ruha, gyökér, tő, ajtó, héj, szőr-bőr, ló, test-lélek, kutya, cipő, tok, kalitka, gyerek, feleség, sereg, asszony, bőr, zacskó, áfa, tömeg, lány, háttér, ablak.

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes