étreindre
See also: êtreindre
French
Etymology
From Old French estreindre, from Latin stringere, present active infinitive of stringō (“tighten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *streyg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.tʁɛ̃dʁ/
Audio (file) Audio (CAN) (file)
Verb
étreindre
- to hug (embrace)
- to clutch, grip
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of étreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | étreindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | étreignant /e.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | étreint /e.tʁɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | étreins /e.tʁɛ̃/ | étreins /e.tʁɛ̃/ | étreint /e.tʁɛ̃/ | étreignons /e.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/ | étreignez /e.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /e.tʁe.ɲe/ | étreignent /e.tʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | étreignais /e.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɛ/ | étreignais /e.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɛ/ | étreignait /e.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɛ/ | étreignions /e.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ | étreigniez /e.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /e.tʁe.ɲje/ | étreignaient /e.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | étreignis /e.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi/ | étreignis /e.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi/ | étreignit /e.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi/ | étreignîmes /e.tʁɛ.ɲim/ or /e.tʁe.ɲim/ | étreignîtes /e.tʁɛ.ɲit/ or /e.tʁe.ɲit/ | étreignirent /e.tʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /e.tʁe.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | étreindrai /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ | étreindras /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ | étreindra /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ | étreindrons /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | étreindrez /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ | étreindront /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | étreindrais /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | étreindrais /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | étreindrait /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | étreindrions /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ | étreindriez /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ | étreindraient /e.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | étreigne /e.tʁɛɲ/ | étreignes /e.tʁɛɲ/ | étreigne /e.tʁɛɲ/ | étreignions /e.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ | étreigniez /e.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /e.tʁe.ɲje/ | étreignent /e.tʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | étreignisse /e.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /e.tʁe.ɲis/ | étreignisses /e.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /e.tʁe.ɲis/ | étreignît /e.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi/ | étreignissions /e.tʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ | étreignissiez /e.tʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /e.tʁe.ɲi.sje/ | étreignissent /e.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /e.tʁe.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | étreins /e.tʁɛ̃/ | — | étreignons /e.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /e.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/ | étreignez /e.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /e.tʁe.ɲe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- qui trop embrasse mal étreint
Related terms
- étroit
Further reading
- “étreindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- reteindre