ésser
See also: esser and èsser
Catalan
Alternative forms
- esser, ser
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *essere, alteration of the infinitive of Latin sum, from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈe.sə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈe.seɾ/
Audio (file)
Verb
ésser (first-person singular present soc, past participle estat)
- (copulative) to be
- to exist, to be real, to be reality
Usage notes
- Ésser in the sense of "to be" is used for a characteristic of a person or object. See also: estar.
- Soc britànic, és catalana. ― I'm British, she's Catalan.
- L'or és groc. ― Gold is yellow.
- Ésser + past participle forms the passive voice.
- Era pagat per la Generalitat. ― I was paid by the Generalitat.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ésser
| infinitive | ésser | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | essent | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | estat, sigut | estada, siguda | |||||
| plural | estats, siguts | estades, sigudes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | sóc | ets | és | som | sou | són | |
| imperfect | era | eres | era | érem | éreu | eren | |
| future | seré | seràs | serà | serem | sereu | seran | |
| preterite | fui | fores | fou | fórem | fóreu | foren | |
| conditional | seria | series | seria | seríem | seríeu | serien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | sigui | siguis | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | |
| imperfect | fos | fossis | fos | fóssim | fóssiu | fossin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | sigues | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | ||
Noun
ésser m (plural éssers)
- being (a living creature)
Derived terms
- ésser humà
Further reading
- “ésser” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “ésser”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “ésser” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “ésser” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.